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May 29, 2024 · Labor is defined as regular and painful uterine contractions that cause progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix. The rate of cervical dilation becomes faster after the cervix is completely effaced [ 1 ]. Normal labor results in descent and eventual expulsion of the fetus.
Dec 14, 2023 · This guideline provides definitions for labor arrest, along with recommendations for management of dystocia in the first and second stages of labor that may help optimize labor management and assist with assessment of indication for cesarean delivery for labor dystocia.
INTRODUCTION. The diagnosis of abnormal labor (dystocia) has four major etiologic categories: (1) the “passage,” or pelvic architecture; (2) the “passenger,” or fetal size, presentation, and position; (3) the “powers,” or uterine action and cervical resistance; and (4) the “patient” and “provider.” PASSAGE—THE OBSTETRIC PELVIS.
Latent / Passive / Descent Phase This phase in second stage is defined when the cervix is found to be fully dilated prior to, or in the absence of involuntary expulsive contractions. During this phase the fetal head progressively descends through the maternal pelvis, and internal rotation and flexion occurs. Active / Pelvic Floor Phase
- 1 Partograph
- 2 Interpreting The Who Partograph
- 3 Immediate Postpartum Maternal Monitoring
The partograph is a tool for monitoring maternal and foetal wellbeing during the active phase of labour, and a decision-making aid when abnormalities are detected. It is designed to be used at any level of care. Its central feature is a graph used to record the progress of cervical dilation, as determined by vaginal examination. Start the graph at ...
The WHO partograph has two diagonal lines: an alert line and an action line. The alert line goes from 4 to 10 cm and corresponds to an average dilation rate of 1 cm per hour. If the labour curve crosses to the right of this alert line, this means that the dilation is less than 1 cm per hour. In this case, transfer to a CEmONC facility must be consi...
Vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate), blood loss and uterine retraction:Verify that the woman drinks and urinates.Check if there are other treatment indications, e.g., antibiotherapy for prolonged rupture of membranes with intra-uterine infection (Chapter 4, Section 4.9.3), anaemia (Chapter 4, Section 4.1), etc.In case of caesarean section, see Chapter 6, Section 6.4.Mar 19, 2023 · Currently, different methods exist for evaluating uterine activity during labor, including manual palpation, external tocodynamometry, intrauterine pressure monitoring, and electrical uterine myometrial activity tracing. Legacy uterine monitoring techniques have advantages and limitations.
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Sep 19, 2022 · Understanding the normal pattern of contractions is also useful in defining the arrest of labor, which has different management based on the stage. For example, an arrested latent phase is an indication of augmentation with oxytocin, while an arrested active phase is an indication of the cesarean section.
