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Feb 13, 2024 · The levels of organization in biology show increasing complexity and cells organize into organisms and organisms form ecosystems and the biosphere. Biology, the study of life and living organisms, is a vast and complex field that covers a multitude of structures, systems, and processes.
Feb 5, 2018 · Levels of Organization in Biology. First published Mon Feb 5, 2018; substantive revision Thu Nov 9, 2023. Levels of organization are structures in nature, frequently identified by part-whole relationships, with things at higher levels being composed of things at the next lower level.
- Markus I. Eronen, Daniel Stephen Brooks
- 2018
Feb 5, 2018 · References to levels of organization and related hierarchical depictions of nature are prominent in the life sciences and their philosophical study, and appear not only in introductory textbooks and lectures, but also in cutting-edge research articles and reviews.
- Molecule. Molecules are made of atoms, the smallest unit of chemical elements. They can be found in all matter, living and non-living. Molecules make up the most basic structures of living beings.
- Cell. A cell is the basic unit of life. There are two kinds of cells: plant cells, which have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose molecules, and animal cells, which have flexible cell membranes.
- Tissue. Tissue is made of cells that work together to perform a certain task. Muscle tissue, connective tissue, and neural tissue are some types of tissue.
- Organ. An organ is a system of tissues that work together on a larger scale to do certain jobs within an animal's body. Examples of organs are the brain, heart and lungs.
A rank is a special sort of kind: Each entity in the hierarchy is meant to occupy exactly one rank, and if two entities belong to the same rank, they cannot bear the part-whole relation to one another (for then the part would have to be ranked below the whole).
At the highest level of organization, the biosphere is the collection of all ecosystems, and it represents the zones of life on Earth. It includes land, water, and even the atmosphere to a certain extent. The hierarchy of biological organization from atoms to the biosphere.
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Levels of Organization. Living things are highly organized and structured, following a hierarchy that can be examined on a scale from small to large. The atom is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter. It consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
