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- Overview
- Vitamin D toxicity: How does it happen?
- Blood levels of vitamin D: Optimal vs. excessive
- How much vitamin D is too much?
- Symptoms and treatment of vitamin D toxicity
- Large doses can be harmful, even without symptoms of toxicity
- Take-home message
Vitamin D toxicity can happen if you take too many vitamin D supplements. Even high levels that do not cause toxicity can be harmful.
Vitamin D toxicity is rare, but it does occur with extremely high doses.
It usually develops over time, since extra vitamin D can build up in your body.
Nearly all vitamin D overdoses result from taking high doses of vitamin D supplements.
It’s almost impossible to get too much vitamin D from sunlight or food.
This is a detailed article about vitamin D toxicity and how much vitamin D is considered too much.
Vitamin D toxicity occurs when vitamin D levels in your body are so high that they cause harm.
Healthcare professionals may also call it hypervitaminosis D.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. In contrast to water-soluble vitamins, your body has no easy way to get rid of fat-soluble vitamins.
For this reason, excessive amounts may build up in your body.
The exact mechanism behind vitamin D toxicity is complicated and isn’t fully understood at this point.
However, we know that the active form of vitamin D functions similarly to a steroid hormone.
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin, and almost every cell in your body has a receptor for it (6).
It’s produced in your skin when you are exposed to sun.
You also absorb vitamin D from foods you eat. Natural sources of vitamin D include fish liver oils and fatty fish (7).
Because few foods naturally contain vitamin D, foods fortified with vitamin D are an important source of this nutrient.
You can read the nutrition labels on foods such as milk and milk alternatives, breakfast cereals, and yogurt to find out whether they are fortified with vitamin D (8).
Vitamin D is very important for bone health and has been linked with immune function and protection against certain cancers (9, 10).
Upper limits for vitamin D include the amount you get from your total intake, including dietary sources and vitamin D supplements.
The NIH reports the upper limit for vitamin D by age group, as follows (8):
•0–6 months: 25 mcg (1,000 IU)
•7–12 months: 38 mcg (1,500 IU)
•1–3 years: 63 mcg (2,500 IU)
•4–8 years: 75 mcg (3,000 IU)
The main consequence of vitamin D toxicity is a high calcium level in your blood (hypercalcemia) (4, 5).
Early symptoms of hypercalcemia include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation (14).
Over days or weeks, you may also develop symptoms such as excessive thirst, fatigue, pain, headaches, confusion, irregular heartbeat, frequent urination, and kidney stones (5, 14).
Treating vitamin D intoxication includes eliminating all vitamin D and calcium supplements (5).
A doctor may also correct your calcium levels with increased salt and fluids, often using intravenous saline. Depending on the severity of your symptoms, other medications or treatments may be necessary (5).
Summary
Large doses of vitamin D can be harmful, even though there may not be immediate symptoms of toxicity.
This is one reason vitamin D toxicity is so difficult to detect.
Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity — such as fatigue, weakness, dehydration, and changes in mental state — can be difficult to pinpoint (5).
To be safe, remember that the recommended daily intake for most people is 600 IU (15 mcg) (7).
Do not exceed the UL of 4,000 IU (100 mcg) without consulting a doctor or dietitian. Over time, even amounts less than the UL could potentially have negative health effects (7).
Summary
There is some debate regarding safe levels of supplemental vitamin D.
Vitamin D toxicity can have devastating health effects, which may not show up until months or even years after you start taking high doses.
The NIH’s recommended daily intake for most people is 600 IU (15 mcg).
Generally, it’s not recommended to exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which is 4,000 IU (100 mcg) per day. Some experts, such as the Food and Nutrition Board, suggest that even amounts less than the UL can be harmful over time.
Large doses have not been linked with any additional health benefits and may therefore be unnecessary.
High doses of vitamin D are sometimes used to treat a deficiency, but you should always consult a doctor or dietitian before starting any supplements or increasing the amount you take.
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Jan 4, 2023 · The recommended daily allowance of vitamin D is 600 international units for adults, but infants, children, teens, and the elderly may need more. In this detailed article, learn how age,...
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Jan 31, 2019 · While some people argue for much higher levels, the IOM report concluded that vitamin D blood levels above 20 ng/ml are adequate for maintaining healthy bones, and that most people in the United States have values in that range.
