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1. www.eia.gov › analysis › octanestudyAnalysis of Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information ...

   www.eia.gov › analysis › octanestudy

   To assess octane costs, this study examines trends at the national, the Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD), and the regional wholesale market levels. The market for motor gasoline is global, and the U.S. gasoline market is interconnected with the global gasoline market through imports and exports.

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2. www.eia.gov › conference › 2017Octane and Refining - U.S. Energy Information Administration ...

   www.eia.gov › conference › 2017

   In refining, marginal costs typically drive market prices • Catalytic Reforming units are the primary controllable octane source in the refinery • Refiners can optimize unit throughput and severity (octane of product) • Higher octane results in higher costs • Reformers convert naphtha feedstock into highoctane, high- -aromatics

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3. www.eia.gov › analysis › octanestudyAnalysis of Gasoline Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information ...

   www.eia.gov › analysis › octanestudy

   Octane costs and values are often described in terms of dollars per octane-barrel ($/AKI-b).21 To measure the cost of producing incremental octane, we calculate the cost of producing an incremental barrel of premium gasoline (CTP) by raising reformer severity (Figure 29, red and black lines).

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4. www.academia.edu › 38890431(PDF) Approach to Accurate Octane Number Calculation for ...

   www.academia.edu › 38890431

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   We present a model that predicts the research and motor octane numbers of a wide variety of gasoline process streams and their blends including oxygenates based on detailed composition. The octane number is correlated to a total of 57 hydrocarbon lumps measured by gas chromatography.

5. uwaterloo.ca › chem13-news-magazine › may-2018Gasoline and diesel fuel: Carbon pricing and heating values

   uwaterloo.ca › chem13-news-magazine › may-2018

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   We can model the heating values by using standard heats of combustion 1 for iso-octane and cetane. Engineers distinguish between higher heating value (HHV) 1 and lower heating value (LHV) 1 of a fuel.

6. www.travelmath.com › cost-of-drivingCost of Driving Calculator - Travelmath

   www.travelmath.com › cost-of-driving

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   Travelmath provides an online driving cost calculator to help you determine how much you'll spend on gas for your next road trip. You can enter airports, cities, states, countries, or zip codes to compute the cost of driving between locations.

7. People also ask

   How do you calculate octane cost?

   • Octane costs and values are often described in terms of dollars per octane-barrel ($/AKI-b).21 To measure the cost of producing incremental octane, we calculate the cost of producing an incremental barrel of premium gasoline (CTP) by raising reformer severity (Figure 29, red and black lines).

   Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information

   www.eia.gov/analysis/octanestudy/pdf/phase1.pdf

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   How much does octane cost?

   • Octane values have increased from about 1 $/RON-b to 2.75 $/ RON-b as of 2017 (Figure 57, blue line represents octane cost while the red dashed line represents the crude cost). Unlike the U.S (Section 6.5, Figure 29), octane costs have not dropped back down to 2011 levels.

   Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information

   www.eia.gov/analysis/octanestudy/pdf/phase1.pdf

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   Do isomerization units increase octane ratings?

   • Isomerization units increase octane ratings of LSR but also increase its RVP, limiting the use of isomerization units in increasing the octane ratings of finished gasoline. In FCC and hydrocracking units, most of the products have lower densities than the feed. Therefore the total volume of products exceeds the volume of the feed.

   Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information

   www.eia.gov/analysis/octanestudy/pdf/phase1.pdf

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   Does the refining industry have capacity to produce incremental octane?

   • EIA data indicate that spare reformer capacity is still available in most PADDs implying that the U.S. refining industry has capacity to produce incremental octane. The cost of producing incremental octane was calculated using two approaches and was shown to be less than the market price of octane.

   Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs - U.S. Energy Information

   www.eia.gov/analysis/octanestudy/pdf/phase1.pdf

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8. koehlerinstrument.com › wp-content › uploadsTHE FUTURE OF OCTANE TESTING: A LOOK AT THINGS TO COME

   koehlerinstrument.com › wp-content › uploads

   An octane number beyond 100 can only be obtained by an extrapolated octane rating curve or utilizing octane enhancers such as tetra-ethyl lead with the iso-octane reference fuel [14].