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The carbon percentage of octane (C 8 H 18 ), a stand-in for gasoline, and hexadecane (C 16 H 34 ), a stand-in for diesel, are 84.2% and 85.0% respectively. The amount of carbon dioxide produced from gasoline and diesel and therefore the carbon pricing, are also both very similar on a mass basis.
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To assess octane costs, this study examines trends at the national, the Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD), and the regional wholesale market levels. The market for motor gasoline is global, and the U.S. gasoline market is interconnected with the global gasoline market through imports and exports.
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Premium fuel is a higher octane fuel in the range of 91-94 octane. This compares to regular grade gasoline which is 87 octane. Higher octane fuel aims to provide greater fuel-burning stability to protect engines from the damage caused by engine knock –also known as abnormal combustion.
Octane costs and values are often described in terms of dollars per octane-barrel ($/AKI-b).21 To measure the cost of producing incremental octane, we calculate the cost of producing an incremental barrel of premium gasoline (CTP) by raising reformer severity (Figure 29, red and black lines).
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It’s Non-Renewable. Cost of Hydrogen 1. Source: Water. Supply: Infinite. Renewable: Yes. Carbon Footprint: No. Cost per gallon: $1.00 – 1.80kg (gge) Source cost: $1.50 per 1000/gal. or $0.0015/gallon 2. Refinery Costs: $700 – $3,500/bpd. Miles per kg of Hydrogen: 81. Additional Environmental Impact Costs: No. Foot Notes: 1.
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Phase 2 of this report models possible outcomes of a change in motor gasoline octane requirements and changes in demand for octane. To assess octane costs, this study examines trends at the national, the Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD), and the regional wholesale market levels.
