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Lashley pioneered experimental work conducted on rats with surgically induced brain lesions, by damaging or removing specific areas of a rat’s cortex, either before or after the animals were trained in mazes and visual discrimination.
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Karl Spencer Lashley (June 7, 1890 – August 7, 1958) was an American psychologist and behaviorist remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lashley as the 61st most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Jun 3, 2024 · Karl Lashley was an American psychologist who conducted quantitative investigations of the relation between brain mass and learning ability. While working toward a Ph.D. in genetics at Johns Hopkins University (1914), Lashley became associated with the influential psychologist John B. Watson.
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Karl Lashley began exploring this problem, about 100 years ago, by making lesions in the brains of animals such as rats and monkeys. He was searching for evidence of the engram : the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory” (Josselyn, 2010).
By training rats to navigate mazes and perform visual discrimination tasks, then surgically damaging or removing specific areas of their cortex, Lashley illuminated the critical role of the cerebral cortex in memory processing and storage.
Over the next several years Lashley collaborated with Shepherd Franz, who was then at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, DC. Their research, examining effects of lesions of the frontal cortex on learning abilities in the rat, was the foundation of his major work, Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence (1929).
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Lashley’s microsurgical instruments in a Fatima cigarette tin (his brand), his personal collection of Franz’s early reprints, and one of his standard rat brain diagrams that Lashley hand-labeled to identify reference points such as the genu of the corpus callosum and the nucleus ruber (red nucleus). Shepherd Ivory Franz
