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Lashley pioneered experimental work conducted on rats with surgically induced brain lesions, by damaging or removing specific areas of a rat’s cortex, either before or after the animals were trained in mazes and visual discrimination.
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Karl Spencer Lashley (June 7, 1890 – August 7, 1958) was an American psychologist and behaviorist remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lashley as the 61st most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
By training rats to navigate mazes and perform visual discrimination tasks, then surgically damaging or removing specific areas of their cortex, Lashley illuminated the critical role of the cerebral cortex in memory processing and storage.
Jun 3, 2024 · Karl Lashley was an American psychologist who conducted quantitative investigations of the relation between brain mass and learning ability. While working toward a Ph.D. in genetics at Johns Hopkins University (1914), Lashley became associated with the influential psychologist John B. Watson.
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Karl Lashley began exploring this problem, about 100 years ago, by making lesions in the brains of animals such as rats and monkeys. He was searching for evidence of the engram : the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory” (Josselyn, 2010).
Their research, examining effects of lesions of the frontal cortex on learning abilities in the rat, was the foundation of his major work, Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence (1929). In 1920 Lashley accepted an assistant professorship at the University of Minnesota and began in earnest his search for the memory trace.
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For the next several decades Karl Lashley, who had worked with Franz, used the cortical ablation technique in his classic studies of cortical functioning in learning and, as is well known, found that the lesion-induced impairment was related to the size of the lesion and not its locus. 8, 9 Lashley’s research on brain functioning and memory ...
