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Nicomedia was the metropolis and capital of the Roman province of Bithynia under the Roman Empire. It is referenced repeatedly in Pliny the Younger's Epistles to Trajan during his tenure as governor of Bithynia.
Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 4th century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.
First the capital of the Bithynian kingdom (Memnon 20.1), and later of the Roman province of Bithynia, Nicomedia was astride the great highroad connecting Europe and the East, and was a port as well; Nicaea was its rival.
Hellenistic and Roman Periods: During the Hellenistic period, Nicomedia thrived as a major urban center and a key political and economic hub in Bithynia. In 74 BCE, Nicomedia, along with the rest of Bithynia, was bequeathed to the Roman Republic by Nicomedes IV.
Mar 7, 2016 · Nicomedia was founded c.265 bce by *Nicomedes I, supplanting the ancient Greek colony of Astacus. It became the chief city of Hellenistic *Bithynia and later of the Roman province.
Nicomedia remained the capital of Bithynia even after King Nicomedes III (or IV) willed the country to Rome (74 b.c.). pliny the younger in his letters to Trajan speaks of the senate house, an aqueduct that he had built, a forum, and the temple of Cybele.
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Bithynia was an ancient province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea). Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara): Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius and Apamea.
