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The grand duchy was a member of the South German monetary union and minted guilder and kreuzer coins. As a result of the Dresden Coinage Convention, the exchange rate of these coins was pegged to the North German thaler. The grand duchy of Hesse also minted double thaler coins from 1839 and Vereinsthaler from 1857.
The Residential Palace Darmstadt (German: Residenzschloss Darmstadt, often also called Stadtschloss) is the former residence and administrative seat of the landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt and from 1806 to 1919 of the Grand Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt. It is located in the centre of the city of Darmstadt. The palace consists of an older Renaissance ...
The New Palais was the seat of the Secret State Police between 1940 and 1944 . For almost a century, the building formed the western end of Wilhelminenplatz until it was destroyed in an air raid on Darmstadt on the night of September 11th to 12th, 1944 . The ruin was demolished in 1955. Reconstruction plans failed.
Today the territory that encompassed the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine is in the German state of Hesse. Ernst Ludwig, a grandson of Queen Victoria, was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. With the fall of the German states, Ernst Ludwig refused to abdicate but still lost his throne on November 9, 1918.
Pursuing an aggressive policy of integration within Germany under Chancellor Bismarck, the new empire incorporates the grand duchy of Baden as a state under its overall control. Bavaria , Hessen-Darmstadt, Lippe , Saxony , and Württemberg are also forcibly included within the empire as vassal states and all must obey ordered which are given from Berlin.
The grand duke Louis I (reigned 1768–1830) granted Hesse-Darmstadt a constitution in 1820, carried through other reforms, and made the grand duchy the first of the southern German states to join the Prussian Zollverein (Customs Union). Hesse-Darmstadt thereafter oscillated between liberalism and conservatism.
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Louis was born at the Prinz-Karl-Palais in Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine in the German Confederation, the first son and child of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809 – 20 March 1877) and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815 – 21 March 1885), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia.
