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William Lyon Mackenzie [a] (March 12, 1795 – August 28, 1861) was a Scottish Canadian-American journalist and politician. He founded newspapers critical of the Family Compact , a term used to identify elite members of Upper Canada .
- Early Life and Career
- Political Career
- Rebellions of 1837
- Exile
- Controversy and Legacy
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Mackenzie was raised in Scotland as a secessionist Presbyterianby his widowed mother and ran a general store with her by 1814. After the business went bankrupt Mackenzie appears to have moved to find work, including some time in London, England, where he likely wrote for newspapers. Mackenzie sailed to Canada in 1820 and soon settled in Upper Canad...
Mackenzie's venomous attacks on the local oligarchy brought reprisals in the form of libel suits, threats and physical assaults, as well as an attack on his printing office in 1826, which left his press wrecked and the type thrown into the lake. Mackenzie’s scathing attacks on his opponents also led to his repeated expulsion from the Assembly, alth...
On 5 December 1837, convinced that he would gain spontaneous support, he led an erratic expedition down Yonge Street towards Toronto. The rebels planned to march to the house of Lieutenant-Governor Sir Francis Bond Head and perhaps City Hall. However, the plan failed due to disorganized leadership and a lack of discipline. As the force neared Toron...
Mackenzie moved to New York where he founded Mackenzie's Gazette. However, he was convicted of violation of the US neutrality laws and imprisoned for a year, falling ill and deeper in debt. He spent the next 10 years in the US, eventually finding employment as a correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune. During exile he wrote several books, incl...
Mackenzie’s official biography was published by his son-in-law, Charles Lindsey, in 1862. More recently, his legacy has been fraught with controversy, and he has been hailed as both a political failure and a political hero. His critics describe him as an ineffectual mayor, unable to cope with Toronto’s debt or its divided council. Detractors cite h...
Learn about the life and legacy of William Lyon Mackenzie, a journalist, politician and leader of the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada. Find out how he influenced the development of responsible government, democratic reform and Canadian literature.
William Lyon Mackenzie (born March 12, 1795, Springfield, Angus, Scot.—died Aug. 28, 1861, Toronto) was a Scottish-born journalist and political agitator who led an unsuccessful revolt against the Canadian government in 1837.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
May 29, 2023 · Learn about the programs, events and news of William Lyon Mackenzie CI, a public high school in Toronto, Ontario. Find out how to join the mailing list, access the exam schedule, and watch the MusicFest Nationals performance.
William Lyon Mackenzie King OM CMG PC (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who was the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Liberal, he was the dominant politician in Canada from the early 1920s to the late 1940s.
Oct 15, 2008 · Learn about the life and career of Canada's longest-serving prime minister, who led the country through industrialization, the Great Depression and the Second World War. Explore his early education, journalism, labour reforms, political achievements and controversies.
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Learn how Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King guided Canada through six years of war, oversaw a massive war effort and made surprisingly few errors in a period of tremendous turmoil, change and anguish. Find out how he balanced the interests of English and French Canada, managed the war economy and the armed forces, and faced the challenges of Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin and Roosevelt.
