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Louis William
- Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (German: Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden; 8 April 1655 – 4 January 1707) was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis ("Turkish Louis") for his numerous victories against Ottoman forces.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_William,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden
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The Margraviate of Baden (German: Markgrafschaft Baden) was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Spread along the right banks of the Upper Rhine in south-western Germany, it was named a margraviate in 1112 and existed until 1535, when it was split into the two margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden.
Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (Maximilian Andreas Friedrich Gustav Ernst August Bernhard Prinz und Markgraf von Baden; 3 July 1933 – 29 December 2022), [a] also known as Max von Baden, was a German businessman and the head of House of Baden.
- Territory
- History
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The Margraviate of Baden-Baden consisted of a core area on the right bank of the middle Upper Rhine, centred on the cities of Baden and Rastatt, as well as further territories in the Upper Rhine region and west of the Rhine. Some of these belonged to the Swabian imperial circle, others to the Upper Rhenish Circle.
The Margraviate of Baden-Baden was created in 1535, as a result of the division of the Margraviate of Baden. In the 16th century, it was heavily influenced by Bavaria. Between 1594 and 1622, the territory came under the occupation of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach. The territory was heavily damaged by the Thirty Years' War and the Nine Years' War...
First Re-Catholicisation
When the Margravate was created in 1535, Protestantism had already taken root there. At the time, the reformer Matthias Erb[de] was the court preacher at the Stiftskirchein Baden-Baden. This church was the mausoleum of the margraves and the spiritual centre of the margravate. The margraves were initially indifferent to the new development and took no direct steps regarding their subjects' religious beliefs and practices. This changed in 1569, after the death of Philibert, when Albert V of Bav...
Return to Protestantism
The Re-Catholicisation process ended in 1588, when Edward Fortunatus became margrave. He had no active religious policy, but allowed James III, his counterpart in Baden-Hachberg (a division of Baden-Durlach) to hold a religious debate in Baden in 1589. James chose his advisor Johann Pistorius and the Jesuit priest Theodor Busaeo to represent the Catholic side and two theologians from Tübingen, Jakob Schmidlin and Jacob Heerbrandto represent Protestantism. The Baden Debate ended in disaster. S...
Second Re-Catholicisation
After William took power in 1622, Baden-Baden was re-catholicised through repressive measures with the aid of the Jesuits and Capuchins. William gave his subjects until Christmas 1624 to either convert to Catholicism or leave the Margraviate. The former mayor of Baden, Johann Häußler, initially went into exile. When he later returned to the city and begged to be allowed to stay on account of his age and previous service, he was given a heavy fine and again presented with the choice of convert...
Social structure
In the Margraviate of Baden-Baden, there were no large urban centres. Cities like Kuppenheim and Stollhofen were market townsand differed minimally from the surrounding regions in social structure. The capital city, Baden, was a very manageable size. The lower nobility played only a minor role, since the lordship of individual locations was often held by the Margrave directly. The region suffered significant depopulation in the 17th century, as a result of the Thirty Years' War and Nine Years...
Economy
The population made their living primarily from agriculture. The main crops were rye, oats, spelt, and barley, then peas, lentils, beans, and fruit, and finally flax for linen. In the 18th century, potatoes, alfalfa, clover, squash, and tobacco were added as well. Wineries were established in the foothills of the Black Forest, in the Murg river valley and along its tributaries. People also kept horses, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep, which usually graved in silvopasture. By the Rhine, people...
Coinage and minting
From 1362 at the latest, the Margraves of Baden possessed the right to mint coinage. Mints were established in Pforzheim and Baden. After the division of the Margraviate in 1535, Ernst and Bernhard agreed that henceforth Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden would mint coinage independently of one another. In the recess issued at Speyer in 1570, it was stated that each Imperial Circlecould have a maximum of four mints. This meant that Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden could no longer maintain separate mi...
Kurt Andermann, in: Der Landkreis Rastatt, Band 1. Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7995-1364-7.Armin Kohnle: Kleine Geschichte der Markgrafschaft Baden. Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2007, ISBN 978-3-7650-8346-4.Dagmar Kicherer: Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Baden-Baden. Verlag G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2008, ISBN 978-3-7650-8376-1.Staatsanzeiger-Verlag (Hrsg.): Sibylla Augusta. Ein barockes Schicksal, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-929981-73-5.Dec 30, 2022 · King Charles III ’s first cousin Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, has died at the age of 89. The House of Baden issued a statement on its website announcing that the Margrave of Baden...
The Margraviate of Baden was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Spread along the right banks of the Upper Rhine in south-western Germany, it was named a margraviate in 1112 and existed until 1535, when it was split into the two margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden.
Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, also known as Max von Baden, was a German businessman and the head of House of Baden. Through his mother, Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark, the second sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, he was a first cousin of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom.
Jan 4, 2023 · The Margrave of Baden, a German first cousin of King Charles II and nephew of the late Duke of Edinburgh, has died aged 89 after a long illness, it has been announced.
