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adaptation, in biology, the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection’s acting upon heritable variation over several generations.
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phylogenetic tree, a diagram showing the evolutionary...
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Jun 7, 2020 · Biological cells are adaptive. Change their environment and they respond. In homeostasis, a cell returns to a stable state after it has been perturbed. In evolution, a population of cells becomes better suited to new circumstances.
- Luca Agozzino, Gábor Balázsi, Jin Wang, Ken A Dill
- 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410
- 2020
- 2020/06/06
- Regeneration
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
Regeneration is the replacement of cell losses by identical cells to maintain tissue or organ size. Usually, regenerated cells are functionally identicalto the cells they replace, however some cells take time to reach functional maturity. When a tissue is exposed to a harmful agent, it undergoes some tissue damage. If the harmful agent is removed, ...
Hyperplasia is an increase in the tissue or organ size due to increased cell number, without an increase in cell size. It can only occur in labile or stable cell populations. The cell proliferation in hyperplasia remains under physiological control and is reversible, unlike in neoplasia (cancer) which is irreversible. Hyperplasia may occur secondar...
Hypertrophy is an increase in the tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell size, without an increase in cell number. Hypertrophy usually occurs where there is increased functional demand on a tissue, or where there is hormonal stimulation. Hypertrophy is especially prevalent in permanent cell populations such as skeletal muscle, as these cel...
Atrophy is the shrinkage of a tissue or organ due to a decrease in size and/or number of cells. It can occur physiologically, for example when the uterus decreases in size after birth following the cessation of production of hormones which stimulated its growth, or pathologically, for example atrophy of an organ due to inadequate blood or nutrition...
Metaplasia is the reversible change of one differentiated cell type to another. It usually occurs in epithelial tissues as an adaptive response to cell stress; cells can be substituted by those types better suited to the environment. This occurs via altered stem cell differentiationand thus metaplasia can only occur in labile or stable tissues. Met...
Jun 20, 2018 · An adaptation, or adaptive trait, is a feature produced by DNA or the interaction of the epigenome with the environment. While not all adaptations are totally positive, for an adaptation to persist in a population it must increase fitness or reproductive success.
In biology, adaptation is defined a heritable behavioral, morphological, or physiological trait that has evolved through the process of natural selection, and maintains or increases the fitness of an organism under a given set of environmental conditions. This concept is central to ecology: the study of adaptation is the study of the ...
Perfect adaptation in biology. A distinctive feature of many biological systems is their ability to adapt to persistent stimuli or disturbances that would otherwise drive them away from a desirable steady state. The resulting stasis enables organisms to function reliably while being subjected to very different external environments.
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Oct 19, 2023 · Organisms can adapt to an environment in different ways. They can adapt biologically, meaning they alter body functions. An example of biological adaptation can be seen in the bodies of people living at high altitudes, such as Tibet. Tibetans thrive at altitudes where oxygen levels are up to 40 percent lower than at sea level.
