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Jun 7, 2020 · Cells adapt to changing environments. Perturb a cell and it returns to a point of homeostasis. Perturb a population and it evolves toward a fitness peak. We review quantitative models of the forces of adaptation and their visualizations on landscapes.
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Three ways a cell’s fitness is encoded in its proteins: ( )...
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Figure S4: Effect of colony proximity on growth rate.Box...
- Systematic Changes in Gene Expression Patterns Following Adaptive Evolution in Yeast
Evolutionary theory has long held that the process of...
- Stress-response Balance Drives The Evolution of a Network Module and Its Host Genome
The PF synthetic gene circuit (Nevozhay et al, 2012)...
- Cellular Growth Arrest and Persistence From Enzyme Saturation
S3 Fig: Population dynamics and fitness around a critical...
- Robustness, Dissipation, and Coherence of Biochemical Oscillations
Even when the probability landscape could be discussed such...
- Highly Abundant Proteins Favor More Stable 3D Structures in Yeast
Considering that protein cellular abundances span 10–10 6...
- High-order Epistasis Shapes Evolutionary Trajectories
S1 Fig: Flow chart for removing epistasis in a...
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- Regeneration
- Hyperplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
Regeneration is the replacement of cell losses by identical cells to maintain tissue or organ size. Usually, regenerated cells are functionally identicalto the cells they replace, however some cells take time to reach functional maturity. When a tissue is exposed to a harmful agent, it undergoes some tissue damage. If the harmful agent is removed, ...
Hyperplasia is an increase in the tissue or organ size due to increased cell number, without an increase in cell size. It can only occur in labile or stable cell populations. The cell proliferation in hyperplasia remains under physiological control and is reversible, unlike in neoplasia (cancer) which is irreversible. Hyperplasia may occur secondar...
Hypertrophy is an increase in the tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell size, without an increase in cell number. Hypertrophy usually occurs where there is increased functional demand on a tissue, or where there is hormonal stimulation. Hypertrophy is especially prevalent in permanent cell populations such as skeletal muscle, as these cel...
Atrophy is the shrinkage of a tissue or organ due to a decrease in size and/or number of cells. It can occur physiologically, for example when the uterus decreases in size after birth following the cessation of production of hormones which stimulated its growth, or pathologically, for example atrophy of an organ due to inadequate blood or nutrition...
Metaplasia is the reversible change of one differentiated cell type to another. It usually occurs in epithelial tissues as an adaptive response to cell stress; cells can be substituted by those types better suited to the environment. This occurs via altered stem cell differentiationand thus metaplasia can only occur in labile or stable tissues. Met...
adaptation, in biology, the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection’s acting upon heritable variation over several generations.
In cell biology and pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The adaptation may be physiologic (normal) or pathologic (abnormal). Morphological adaptations observed at the cellular level include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.
In biology, adaptation is defined a heritable behavioral, morphological, or physiological trait that has evolved through the process of natural selection, and maintains or increases the fitness of an organism under a given set of environmental conditions. This concept is central to ecology: the study of adaptation is the study of the ...
May 29, 2024 · Cell theory, fundamental scientific theory of biology according to which cells are held to be the basic units of all living tissues. First proposed by German scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in 1838, the theory that all plants and animals are made up of cells marked a great.
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Jan 15, 2021 · Cell theory is a proposed and widely accepted view of how most life on Earth functions. According to the theory, all organisms are made of cells. Groups of cells create tissues, organs, and organisms. Further, cells can only arise from other cells. These are the main tenants of cell theory.
