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Dec 1, 2015 · We address this gap in knowledge by describing the early origins of control theory and its 2 main paths of development within psychology, as a “man−machine system” approach, and as a “grand theory” of psychology.
- Warren Mansell, Richard S. Marken
- 2015
Jul 4, 2020 · Control theory proposes that behavior changes from moment to moment to keep perceived aspects of the self and world close to desired reference values – a person’s goals, standards, or ideals. Control is achieved through actions that help the individual meet their standards.
Command and control is the management infrastructure for any large, complex, dynamic resource system (Harris & White, 1987).
Rules are formalized, tasks are grouped into departments, authority is centralized, and the chain of command involves narrow spans of control and decision-making. An alternative is the matrix structure, often found in hospitals, universities, and government agencies.
The use of Command and Control in regulation involves the government or similar body to “command” the reduction of pollution (e.g. setting emissions levels) levels and to “control” the manner in which it is achieved (e.g. by installing pollution-control technologies).
The author organizes the issues into three broad categories: (a) core, defining features of cognitive control; (b) the relationship of cognitive control to other closely related constructs in psychology; and (c) ways in which the understanding of cognitive control may be informed by theoretical approaches that have proved valuable in other ...
People also ask
How does command-and-control affect system behavior?
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Why do we need a command-and-control approach to natural resources?
If natural levels of variation in system behavior are reduced through command-and-control, then the system becomes less resilient to external perturbations, resulting in crises and surprises. We provide several examples of this pathology in management.
