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It would be overly complex to do stoichiometry for a real gasoline or diesel fuel mixture, but we can model the fuels in a simple manner using iso-octane to represent gasoline and cetane to represent diesel fuel.
- Petroleum diesel73.25 grams per Megajoules
- Petroleum diesel43.1 Megajoules per kilogram
The largest cost is the loss from converting naphtha (related to oil prices) to gas and hydrogen (related to natural gas prices) • A wide spread between oil and gas raises octane costs and values • Operation of other octane -producing units are less controllable • FCC, hydrocracker operations tied to overall refinery balance •
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- Introduction
- Executive Summary
- Phase 1: Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs
- Phase 2: Future Gasoline Octane Scenarios
In 2017, the U.S. average retail premium gasoline price was $0.50 per gallon (gal) more than the price of regular gasoline. The difference between premium gasoline and regular gasoline prices began to increase in approximately 2010. The cause of this price spread may be the result of a change in U.S. refinery operations or retail gasoline pricing d...
In the United States, since approximately 2010, the price difference between regular gasoline with an octane rating, or Anti–Knock Index (AKI), of 87, and premium gasoline with an AKI of 91 has been increasing. Between 2010 and 2017, the U.S. average retail price difference between premium gasoline and regular gasoline doubled, from approximately $...
This section examines the possible causes for the increasing premium–to–regular price spread related to the production of motor gasoline and its components at refineries in the United States. To that end, EIA retained Baker & O’Brien to analyze the factors and conditions at refineries that could result in the increasing spread. Baker & O’Brien’s an...
In Phase 2, Baker & O’Brien analyzed whether or not the U.S. domestic refining industry would be capable of meeting higher octane demand if the octane requirements for retail gasoline increased. The scenario assumes that, beginning with model year 2023, all light–duty vehicles in the United States will require a minimum 95 research octane number (R...
The cost of producing incremental octane was calculated using two approaches and was shown to be less than the market price of octane. Gasoline, gasoline components, and feedstocks (e.g. naphtha) used to make gasoline are global commodities that are frequently traded between regions and countries.
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Premium fuel is a higher octane fuel in the range of 91-94 octane. This compares to regular grade gasoline which is 87 octane. Higher octane fuel aims to provide greater fuel-burning stability to protect engines from the damage caused by engine knock –also known as abnormal combustion.
In a simple illustration, let’s assume an oil company is paying $100 for a barrel (42 gallons) of basic crude oil. Their cost for a gallon will be about $2.38. At a gasoline-pump price of $4.00 per gallon, 44 cents has to pay for taxes and 20 cents for distribution and marketing expenses.
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Nov 17, 2022 · What is octane? In recent years, car manufacturers have been requiring or recommending premium gasoline (a high-octane grade of fuel) for use in more of their vehicle models. The difference in prices between premium and lower octane grades has also increased.
