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History of Phoenicia. Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic-speaking thalassocratic civilization that originated in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [ 1 ][ 2 ] At its height between 1100 and 200 BC, Phoenician civilization spread across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula.
- The Purple People
- Trading Middlemen
- Tyre & Sidon
- Alexander Conquers Phoenicia
- Roman Phoenicia
The purple dye manufactured and used in Tyre for the robes of Mesopotamian royalty gave Phoenicia the name by which we know it today (from the Greek Phoinikes for Tyrian Purple) and also accounts for the Phoenicians being known as 'purple people' by the Greeks (as the Greek historian Herodotustells us) because the dye would stain the skin of the wo...
The Phoenicians were primarily known as sailors who had developed a high level of skill in ship-building and were able to navigate the often turbulent waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Shipbuilding seems to have been perfected at Byblos where the design of the curved hull was first initiated. Richard Miles notes that: However, Phoenician sailors wer...
The city of Sidon (modern Sidonia, Lebanon) was initially the most prosperous but steadily lost ground to her sister city of Tyre. Tyre formed an alliance with the newly formed Kingdom of Israelwhich proved very lucrative and further expanded its wealth by decreasing the power of the clergy and more efficiently distributing the wealth to the citize...
In 332 BCE, Alexander the Great conquered Baalbek (re-naming it Heliopolis) and marched on to subdue the cities of Byblos and Sidon that same year. Upon his arrival at Tyre, the citizens followed the example set by Sidon and submitted peacefully to Alexander's demand for submission. Alexander then wished to offer a sacrifice in the holy temple of M...
By 64 BCE the disassembled parts of Phoenicia were annexed by Rome and, by 15 CE were colonies of the Roman Empire with Heliopolis remaining an important pilgrimage site which boasted the grandest religious building (the Temple of JupiterBaal) in all of the Empire, the ruins of which remain well preserved to this day. The most famous legacy of Phoe...
- Joshua J. Mark
Being a society of independent city states, the Phoenicians apparently did not have a term to denote the land of Phoenicia as a whole; [19] instead, demonyms were often derived from the name of the city an individual hailed from (e.g., Sidonian for Sidon, Tyrian for Tyre, etc.)
Aug 21, 2024 · Syria. Lebanon. Beirut. Tyre. Phoenicia, ancient region along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean that corresponds to modern Lebanon, with adjoining parts of modern Syria and Israel. Its location along major trade routes led its inhabitants, called Phoenicians, to become notable merchants, traders, and colonizers in the 1st millennium bce.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
969 BCE - 936 BCE. Hiram I reigns as king of Tyre. 820 BCE - 774 BCE. Pygmalion rules as king of Tyre. c. 814 BCE. Traditional founding date for the Phoenician colony of Carthage by Tyre. c. 800 BCE - 600 BCE. Second stage of Phoenician colonization where trading-posts become full colonies throughout the Mediterranean.
- Joshua J. Mark
- Content Director
Apr 29, 2016 · The governments of such Phoenician cities as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos were led by hereditary monarchs throughout their history. Those individual cities typically acted autonomously from each other and only rarely did they form mutual alliances. The absolute power of the Phoenician kings, even if they had at their disposal a council of elders for ...
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Sea traders from Phoenicia and Carthage (a Phoenician colony traditionally founded in 814 B.C.) even ventured beyond the Strait of Gibraltar as far as Britain in search of tin. However, much of our knowledge about the Phoenicians during the Iron Age (ca. 1200–500 B.C.) and later is dependent on the Hebrew Bible, Assyrian records, and Greek and Latin authors.
