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Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a terrestrial planet and is the closest in mass and size to its orbital neighbour Earth. Venus is notable for having the densest atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, composed mostly of carbon dioxide with a thick, global sulfuric acid cloud cover.
Vénus est la deuxième planète du Système solaire par ordre d'éloignement au Soleil, et la sixième plus grosse aussi bien par la masse que le diamètre. Vénus orbite autour du Soleil tous les 224,7 jours terrestres.
Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and the sixth largest planet. It’s the hottest planet in our solar system. Venus is a cloud-swaddled planet named for a love goddess, and often called Earth’s twin. But pull up a bit closer, and Venus turns hellish.
- Etymology
- Origins
- Epithets
- Cult History and Temples
- Mythology and Literature
- Iconography
- Post-Classical Culture
- See Also
- References
- External Links
The Latin theonym Venus and the common noun venus ('love, charm') stem from a Proto-Italic form reconstructed as *wenos- ('desire'), itself from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *wenh₁-os ('desire'; cf. Messapic Venas, Old Indic vánas'desire'). Derivatives include venustus ('attractive, charming'), venustās ('charm, grace'), venerius ('of Venus, erotic'),...
Venus has been described as perhaps "the most original creation of the Roman pantheon",: 146 and "an ill-defined and assimilative" native goddess, combined "with a strange and exotic Aphrodite".[b] Her cults may represent the religiously legitimate charm and seduction of the divine by mortals, in contrast to the formal, contractual relations betwee...
Like other major Roman deities, Venus was given a number of epithets that referred to her different cult aspects, roles, and her functional similarities to other deities. Her "original powers seem to have been extended largely by the fondness of the Romans for folk-etymology, and by the prevalence of the religious idea nomen-omen which sanctioned a...
The first known temple to Venus was vowed to Venus Obsequens by Q. Fabius Gurges in the heat of a battle against the Samnites. It was dedicated in 295 BC, at a site near the Aventine Hill, and was supposedly funded by fines imposed on Roman women for sexual misdemeanours. Its rites and character were probably influenced by or based on Greek Aphrodi...
As with most major gods and goddesses in Roman mythology, the literary concept of Venus is mantled in whole-cloth borrowings from the literary Greek mythology of her counterpart, Aphrodite, but with significant exceptions. In some Latin mythology, Cupid was the son of Venus and Mars, the god of war. At other times, or in parallel myths and theologi...
Signs, context and symbols
Images of Venus have been found in domestic murals, mosaics and household shrines (lararia). Petronius, in his Satyricon, places an image of Venus among the Lares (household gods) of the freedman Trimalchio's lararium. The Venus types known as Venus Pompeiana ("Venus of Pompeii") and Venus Pescatrice ("Venus the Fisher-woman") are almost exclusive to Pompeii. Both forms of Venus are represented within Pompeian homes of the well-off, with Venus Pompeiana more commonly found in formal reception...
Classical art
Roman and Hellenistic art produced many variations on the goddess, often based on the Praxitlean type Aphrodite of Cnidus. Many female nudes from this period of sculpture whose subjects are unknown are in modern art history conventionally called "Venus", even if they originally may have portrayed a mortal woman rather than operated as a cult statueof the goddess. Examples include: 1. Venus de Milo(130 BC) 2. Venus Pudica 1. 1.1. Capitoline Venus 1.2. Venus de' Medici 1. Esquiline Venus 2. Ven...
Medieval art
Venus is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris, a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, composed in 1361–62. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in Western literature.
Art in the classical tradition
Venus became a popular subject of painting and sculpture during the Renaissance period in Europe. As a "classical" figure for whom nudity was her natural state, it was socially acceptable to depict her unclothed. As the goddess of sexuality, a degree of erotic beauty in her presentation was justified, which appealed to many artists and their patrons. Over time, venuscame to refer to any artistic depiction in post-classical art of a nude woman, even when there was no indication that the subjec...
Gallery
1. Venus Anadyomene (c.1525) by Titian 2. Venus with a Mirror (c.1555) by Titian 3. Venus by Frans Floris, Hallwyl Museum 4. Venus and Cupid, painting (c.1650–1700) by Peter Paul Rubens 5. Mars Being Disarmed by Venus (1822–1825) by Jacques-Louis David 6. Nell Gwynne, one of the long-time mistresses of King Charles II of England, as Venus with her son as Cupid (c.1665) by Peter Lely 7. Tannhäuser in the Venusberg (1901) by John Collier 8. Russian Venus (1926) by Boris Kustodiev 9. Iris presen...
Bibliography
1. Beard, M., Price, S., North, J., Religions of Rome: Volume 1, a History, illustrated,Cambridge University Press, 1998. 2. Beard, Mary: The Roman Triumph, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, England, 2007. (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-674-02613-1 3. Brain, Carla (23 March 2017). "Venus in Pompeian Domestic Space: Decoration and Context". Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal (2016): 51–66. doi:10.16995/TRAC2016_51_66. 4. Champeaux, J. (1987). Fortuna. Rec...
Media related to Venus (dea)at Wikimedia CommonsPeople also ask
Is Venus a terrestrial planet?
Why is Venus called Venus?
Is Venus the hottest planet in the Solar System?
Is Venus a transit?
Learn about Venus, the second planet from the Sun and the second largest terrestrial planet. Find out about its surface temperature, atmosphere, rotation, history, and more.
Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and Earth's closest planetary neighbor. Venus is the third brightest object in the sky after the Sun and Moon. Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets. Venus is similar in structure and size to Earth, and is sometimes called Earth's evil twin.
Learn about the second planet from the sun, its extreme climate, volcanic surface, and odd rotation. Find out how Venus is similar to and different from Earth, and why it's so hard to explore.
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