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- Kristallnacht, the night of November 9–10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. After Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime made Jewish survival in Germany impossible.
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Reign of Terror, period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794, during which the Revolutionary government decided to take harsh measures against those suspected of being enemies of the Revolution (nobles, priests, and hoarders).
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- Days of Blood: October 1793-May 1794
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- Great Terror & Thermidor: June-July 1794
The Reign of Terror was born out of an impulse for revolutionary self-preservation, conceived by a paranoid Revolution that saw enemies everywhere. Certainly, feelings of paranoia and dread were nothing new in 1793, as the specter of Terror had been present since the Revolution's earliest days, always lurking in the shadows. Terror reared its head ...
On 2 June 1793, the moderate Girondin political faction was purged from the National Convention, the Republic's legislative assembly. This left ultimate political power with the extremist Mountain faction, which had long dominated the politics of the Paris Jacobin Club and its affiliate clubs, boasting over 500,000 members nationwide. The Mountain ...
At the top of the hierarchy of Terror sat the Committee of Public Safety. Initially created in April 1793 to oversee various government functions, the Committee was supposed to be subservient to the National Convention, which theoretically could change the Committee's membership at will. The Committee quickly eclipsed the Convention in power, howev...
With the Committee of Public Safety in power, and the tools of Terror organized, the heads began to fall. The first victims were the nobles of the old regime; the trial and execution of Marie Antoinette on 16 October 1793 was followed by the death of the hapless Duke of Orléans, whose adoption of the revolutionary name Philippe Égalité did nothing ...
Alongside the historically notable victims of the Terror, hundreds of thousands of nameless, everyday citizens were arrested as suspects. Tens of thousands were sent to their graves. Across France, 16,594 people were fed to the guillotine, 2,625 of whom were executed in Paris alone. This number does not include the roughly 10,000 people who died in...
Under the influence of the Hébertists, the Terror saw an increase in programs of dechristianization during the French Revolution. In October 1793, the National Convention approved a new French Republican calendar, which retroactively began on 22 September 1792; the implication here was that it was the birth of the French Republic, not the birth of ...
The Terror did not reach its peak until June 1794, with the law of 22 Prairial (10 June). As the prisons of Paris had become full, the law, proposed by Committee of Public Safety member Georges Couthon, was meant to accelerate the judicial process. It eliminated the investigation phase of a trial, meaning that citizens could now be brought to trial...
May 6, 2024 · Kristallnacht, the night of November 9–10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. After Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime made Jewish survival in Germany impossible.
- Michael Berenbaum
Nov 16, 2022 · The ostensible purpose of the Committee's Reign of Terror was to save the French Republic from the bad actors corrupting its body politic – to sacrifice a gangrened limb to save the rest of the body, in the colorful words of Committee member Jacques Billaud-Varenne.
Kristallnacht ( German pronunciation: [kʁɪsˈtalnaχt] ⓘ lit. 'crystal night') or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom (s) ( German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced [noˈvɛm.bɐ.poˌɡʁoːmə] ⓘ ), [1] [2] [3] was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party 's Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS ...
Dec 16, 2009 · Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s), was a prolonged series of violent attacks on Jewish people, homes, businesses and synagogues in 1938 Germany.
During the night of November 9–10, all the antisemitic poison poured out of the Nazi system. In the darkness of what must have seemed an endless night, Jewish property and lives experienced hell in countless villages, towns, and cities.
