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Jul 27, 2011 · A load would represent a place where water is allowed to flow downhill; the amount of energy is proportional to the quantity of water that flows and the distance that it falls. A power supply would represent a place where water is (by introduction of outside energy) pumped uphill.
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An electric circuit is capable of transferring power. Current is the rate of flow of charge, and voltage measures the energy transferred per unit of charge. We can insert these definitions into the equation for power:
An electrical power distribution system where power generation, distribution, and control are organized into distinct zones or sections, providing localized power supply and management. Below are the 500 most common Electrical Terms and their definitions. Many find these terms might sound confusing to you.
- Overview
- Circuit
- Schematic
- Schematic equivalence
- A schematic puzzle
- Concept check: Equivalence
- Drawing a good schematic
Glossary of terms we need to talk about circuits and schematics. Nodes, branches, loops and meshes, reference node and ground, and schematic "equivalence." Written by Willy McAllister.
We are developing methods for analyzing a circuit. So far we've defined the most common components (resistor, capacitor, and inductor) and sources (voltage and current). Now we need a crisp vocabulary to talk about circuits. This article is a glossary of terms and concepts we use in circuit analysis and design.
•(Choice A)
3 nodes
•(Choice B)
4 nodes
Circuit comes from the word circle. A circuit is a collection of real components, power sources, and signal sources, all connected so current can flow in a complete circle.
Closed circuit – A circuit is closed if the circle is complete, if all currents have a path back to where they came from.
Open circuit – A circuit is open if the circle is not complete, if there is a gap or opening in the path.
Short circuit – A short happens when a path of low resistance is connected (usually by mistake) to a component. The resistor shown below is the intended path for current, and the curved wire going around it is the short. Current is diverted away from its intended path, sometimes with damaging results. The wire shorts out the resistor by providing a low-resistance path for current (probably not what the designer intended).
A schematic is a drawing of a circuit. A schematic represents circuit elements with symbols and connections as lines.
Elements – The term elements means "components and sources."
Symbols – Elements are represented in schematics by symbols. Symbols for common 2-terminal elements are shown here,
Lines – Connections between elements are drawn as lines, which we often think of as "wires". On a schematic, these lines represent perfect conductors with zero resistance. Every component or source terminal touched by a line is at the same voltage.
Dots – Connections between lines can be indicated by dots. Dots are an unambiguous indication that lines are connected. If the connection is obvious, you don't have to use a dot.
Reference designator – When you place a component in a schematic you often give it a unique name, known as a reference designator. Examples of reference designators are R1 , C6 , and VBAT . The 1 in R1 is part of the name, and does not indicate the resistance value. Reference designators are by definition unique for each schematic. They let you identify components by name even if some of them have the same value. It is okay to use reference designators in equations. R1 can be assigned a resistance value, R1=4.7kΩ , and it can be used as a variable in expressions, as in R2⋅C6=4.7kΩ⋅2μF .
We need to take a second to talk about the idea of schematic equivalence. This is important because a circuit can be represented by schematics drawn in different ways.
The following two schematics are drawn differently. The schematic on the left shows a voltage source and three resistors in numerical order. In the schematic the right, resistor R3 appears to the left of the voltage source.
Do both of these schematics properly represent the intended circuit? Or said another way,
Are these two schematics equivalent?
We say a real circuit and a schematic (or two schematics), are equivalent if they have the same nodes and branches.
To be equivalent, two schematics must:
I'm going to point out something that may seem baffling, (but only for a moment). As we just established, the following two schematics are equivalent. But, not everything is exactly the same. The individual point-to-point connections of the lines between elements are not the same.
Look at the blue arrow in the left schematic. That wire carries the current flowing towards R2 and R3 .
Can you find the equivalent wire in the schematic on the right?
(Find a wire carrying the current going to R2 and R3 .)
[Where is that wire?]
What is going on? It is a trick question, to highlight something about the nature of schematics.
Here is a brainteaser to help you check your understanding of schematic equivalence.
Which of these schematics represent the same circuit (are equivalent)?
Assume all resistors have the same value.
Take your time, this isn't simple.
Hint: There are three answers.
[show a hint]
A good schematic serves a number of noble purposes. A good schematic
•captures the design of a circuit in an unambiguous way.
•allows you to share your design with other people.
•helps you remember how your circuit works, even a month from now.
Both you and your colleagues will appreciate these drawing habits for creating good schematics,
•Place inputs on the left, and outputs on the right.
With electricity, we measure the amount of charge flowing through the circuit over a period of time. Current is measured in Amperes (usually just referred to as "Amps"). An ampere is defined as 6.241*10^18 electrons (1 Coulomb) per second passing through a point in a circuit.
Electrical terms or Electrical terminology must be known by electrical students and engineers. basic Electrical Terms includes electric current, resistance, voltage or potential difference, Circuit, cell, battery.
People also ask
Where does the word circuit come from?
What is a simple electrical circuit?
How does a circuit work?
What is a circuit?
An electric circuit is a connection of components that can conduct electric current. Simple electrical circuits have conductors (usually wires), a component that supplies power (like a battery or wall plug) and a component that absorbs power called the load.
