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Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Historically known as Odessos ( Ancient Greek: Ὀδησσός ), Varna developed from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea .
Varna was founded as Odessus by Milesian Greeks in the 6th century bce; later it was Thracian, Macedonian, and Roman. In 681 ce it became part of the First Bulgarian empire (c. 679–1018) and was named Varna.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 18, 2016 · Treasure found in prehistoric graves in Bulgaria is the first evidence of social hierarchy, but no one knows what caused the civilization’s decline.
1866 – the first railroad in Bulgarian lands connected Varna with the port of Rousse on the Danube, linking the Ottoman capital Istanbul with Central Europe. The town was finally liberated on 27 July 1878 after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and it grew rapidly.
- A Brief Overview of Varna’s History
- Varna in The Prehistoric Age
- Varna During The Bronze and Iron Ages
- The First Bulgarian Empire
- Cyril and Methodius, The Cyrillic Alphabet and Christianity
- The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars
- Ottoman Rule
- The Revival Era
- Modern Day Varna
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Varna is a very ancient city and people have lived within its borders from prehistoric times. They say this is the birthplace of the first European civilization, starting in the 5th millennium BC. Thracians inhabited Varna region, Greeks (6th century BC), Romans (1st-3rd century AD) and the early Byzantine Empire (4th-6th century) too, before the b...
Some 4,600 years before the Common Era, a mysterious civilization emerged on the shores of lakes near the Black Sea, not far from the modern day city of Varna. 4200-4600 BC: Long before Mesopotamia or Egypt and the pyramids, goldsmithing first began on the shores of the Black Sea. For its time, the culture of Varna was amazingly advanced, both cult...
13th century BC – 7th century AD: The oldest Bulgarian people are the Thracians, who lived in the Varna region from at least the 13th century BC until the 7th century AD. Then, tribes living in the area came together to lay the foundations of the young Bulgarian state. 1st century AD: As the Roman Empire extended all the way to the shores of the Bl...
7th century AD: In 681, at a time when the Slavs had already settled in the lands west of the Black Sea, a wave of tribes called Proto-Bulgarians crossed the Danube and founded the first Bulgarian state. 681-893 AD: Pliska was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire. Khan Asparuh, the founder of Bulgaria, chose Pliska as capital because of its st...
886 AD: Cyril and Methodius – Founders of the Cyrillic alphabet. Boris gave asylum to some of Cyril and Methodius’ disciples who were fleeing from Moravia. With Boris’s help and material support, the disciples founded centres of Slavic learning at Pliska, Preslav, and Ohrid. Because of their work, the Slavic language replaced Greek in church servic...
814 AD: After Krum died in 814, his son Omurtag negotiated a thirty-year peace treaty. 893 AD: In 893, during the next major war, Simeon I, the Bulgarian emperor, defeated the Byzantines while attempting to form a large Eastern European Empire. 971 AD: In 971 the Byzantine emperor defeated Boris II and captured Preslav, the Bulgarian capital. 1018 ...
1393:The Ottoman empire captured Varna in 1393 and turned into a northern bastion of their empire. British troops used it as a port during the Crimean War (1853–56), after which Turkey allowed its allies Britain and France to sell their products throughout the Ottoman Empire, making Varna a great trading centre once more. 1444: The Battle of Varna ...
1878: Varna was liberated on 27 July 1878 after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. 1886: Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral in Varna opened officially on 30 August 1886. 1920: The University of Economics in Varna was founded. It’s one of the oldest higher education institutions in the economic branch of social sciences on the Balkan Peninsul...
Modern-day Varna is a lively, vibrant place full of entertainment, bars, restaurants, parks, amazing beaches and many cultural activities. Every year, Varna is growing more as a popular holiday destination both for locals and tourists. Convinced yet just how unique and amazing Varna is? Not only is it the perfect holiday resort city but the rich hi...
Learn about the ancient origins and rich heritage of Varna, a resort city on the Black Sea coast. Discover its prehistoric, Greek, Roman, Bulgarian and modern history from 4600 BC to present day.
After Turkish domination was finally established in Varna and Bulgaria at the end of the XIV century, from a flourishing city in the past, Varna became a typical Oriental settlement, but it remained its strategic and commercial importance.
Jun 1, 2024 · It is considered one of the most significant archaeological sites in Europe and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Varna has a vibrant cultural scene. From theaters and art galleries to music festivals and cultural events, Varna offers a lively and diverse cultural scene.
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