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- Soon after the Mexican-American War (April 25, 1846–February 2, 1848) began, Frémont received a promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel on May 27, 1846. On July 23, 1846, officials appointed him as a major of California volunteers and he commanded a battalion that played a major role in the overthrow of Mexican rule in California.
www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/john-charles-fremont/John C. Frémont, Biography, Significance, Senator, Civil War
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Aug 26, 2024 · Frémont was appointed a major general of Union troops in Missouri after the American Civil War began, but he proved to be an ineffective leader. Further, in August 1861 he ordered the confiscation of the property of Missourians in rebellion as well as the emancipation of the state’s slaves.
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- Jacob Dolson Cox
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- Thomas Hart Benton
Frémont served as Governor of the Arizona Territory from 1878 to 1881. After his resignation as governor, he retired from politics and died destitute in New York City in 1890. Historians portray Frémont as controversial, impetuous, and contradictory.
- Early Life
- Early Career and Marriage
- First Expedition to The West
- Second Expedition to The West
- The Importance of Frémont's Reports
- Controversial Return to California
- Later Career
- Death
- Legacy
- Sources
John Charles Frémont was born on January 21, 1813 in Savannah, Georgia. His parents were embroiled in scandal. His father, a French immigrant named Charles Fremon, had been hired to tutor the young wife of an elderly Revolutionary War veteran in Richmond, Virginia. The tutor and student began a relationship and ran away together. Leaving behind a s...
Frémont's professional life began with a job teaching mathematics to cadets in the U.S. Navy, and then working on a government surveying expedition. While visiting Washington, D.C., he met the powerful Missouri Sen. Thomas H. Benton and his family. Frémont fell in love with Benton’s daughter Jessie and eloped with her. Sen. Benton was at first outr...
With Sen. Benton’s help, Frémont was given the assignment to lead an 1842 expedition to explore beyond the Mississippi River to the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. With the guide Kit Carsonand a group of men recruited from a community of French trappers, Frémont reached the mountains. Climbing a high peak, he placed an American flag on top. Frémon...
Frémont led a second expedition to the West in 1843 and 1844. His assignment was to find a route across the Rocky Mountains to Oregon. After essentially accomplishing his assignment, Frémont and his party were located in Oregon in January 1844. Rather than returning to Missouri, the expedition’s starting point, Frémont led his men southward and the...
A book of his two expedition reports was published and became extremely popular. Many Americans who made the decision to move westward did so after reading Frémont’s stirring reports of his travels in the great spaces of the West. Noted Americans, including Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, also read Frémont’s reports and took inspiration from ...
In 1845 Frémont, who had accepted a commission in the U.S. Army, returned to California and became active in rebelling against Spanish rule and starting the Bear Flag Republic in northern California. For disobeying orders in California, Frémont was arrested and found guilty at a court-martial hearing. President James K. Polk overturned the proceedi...
Frémont led a troubled expedition in 1848 to find a route for a transcontinental railroad. Settling in California, which by then had become a state, he briefly served as one of its senators. He became active in the new Republican Partyand was its first presidential candidate, in 1856. During the Civil War, Frémont received a commission as a Union g...
Frémont later served as territorial governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1883. He died at his home in New York City on July 13, 1890. The next day, a New York Times front-page headlineproclaimed, "The Old Pathfinder Dead."
While Frémont was often caught up in controversy, he did provide Americans in the 1840s with reliable accounts of what was to be found in the distant West. During much of his lifetime, he was considered by many to be a heroic figure, and he played a major role in opening the West to settlement.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “John C. Frémont.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2019.." FRÉMONT, John Charles"Congress.gov.“John C. Frémont.” American Battlefield Trust, 1 Nov. 2018.At the outbreak of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Frémont a major general on May 15, 1861, and gave him command of the Department of the West. He tried at first to officially bring Missouri into the cause for the Union, but instead brought about the end of his appointment when Lincoln feared that his actions would actually ...
Jan 12, 2024 · On April 28, 1890, Congress enacted a bill appointing Frémont as a retired major general in the United States Army, thus making him eligible for a pension. A few months later, Frémont suffered an attack of peritonitis and died at his home in New York on July 13, 1890.
- Harry Searles
Nov 15, 2020 · Eager to aid the Union, he purchased a large amount of arms before returning to the United States. In May 1861, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Frémont a major general. Though largely done for political reasons, Frémont was soon dispatched to St. Louis to command the Department of the West.
In 1845, on an expedition to California (on which he may have carried secret instructions for action in case of war), he supported the Bear Flag Revolt. In the Mexican War he was appointed a major and with Robert F. Stockton helped conquer California; Stockton later appointed him military governor of the territory.
