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What does ice XI stand for?
Is ice XI a proton-ordered phase?
What is K ice XI?
What is the difference between ice Ih and ice XI?
The phases of ice are all possible states of matter for water as a solid. Variations in pressure and temperature give rise to different phases, which have varying properties and molecular geometries. Currently, twenty one phases, including both crystalline and amorphous ices have been observed.
Ice-eleven is the thermodynamically favored form of ice at atmospheric pressure at these low temperatures. It is a proton-ordered hexagonal ice forming orthorhombic crystals (Space group Cmc2 1, 36; symmetry C 2v Laue class symmetry mmm).
k Ice XI was first described as a fully-ionic antifluorite structure formed at around 100 GPa . Ice XI is also known as ice XIII. These structures have not been experimentally verified and, therefore, are best not referred to with the numerical designations first used. [Back]
May 26, 2021 · The phase diagram of crystalline phases of ice is still under construction: a high-pressure phase, ice XIX, has just been reported but its structure remains ambiguous. Water is the molecule...
- Thomas C. Hansen
- hansen@ill.fr
- 2021
Oct 15, 2014 · Ice XI, the proton-ordered phase of ordinary ice, features aligned water dipoles. It can be synthesized under laboratory conditions at T ∼ 72 K. Recently, speculations on ice XI in the solar system and the role of its possibly large electric fields in planetary formation have appeared in the literature.
- P. Parkkinen, S. Riikonen, L. Halonen
- 2014
May 26, 2021 · As seen with in-situ neutron diffraction, the resulting phase of ice, ice XIX, forms through a Pbcn-type distortion which includes the tilting and squishing of hexameric clusters.
Oct 1, 2016 · When the spectra, both IR and Raman, of ice Ih and ice XI are compared, the librational vibrations are found to be the most affected by the proton ordering. The spectroscopic fingerprint of ice XI can be used to distinguish ferroelectric ice XI from ice Ih in the universe.
