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Jan 25, 2024 · Learn about Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood, and how they shape personality and identity. Explore the conflicts, virtues, and outcomes of each stage, and how they relate to real-life experiences.
Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was an American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He coined the phrase identity crisis.
- Trust vs. Mistrust. The first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and 1 year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.
- Initiative vs. Guilt. The third stage of psychosocial development takes place during the preschool years. At this point in psychosocial development, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions.
- Industry vs. Inferiority. The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Jun 11, 2024 · Erik Erikson was a German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular interest.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Trust Versus Mistrust. In the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial model, infancy is crucial to our psychosocial development. During our initial 18 months, we are uncertain about the world in which we find ourselves and must develop basic trust.
- Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt. Stage two focuses on early childhood – 18 months to three years – when we are gaining independence and an increased perception of control over our physical skills (Erikson, 1958, 1963).
- Initiative Versus Guilt. Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development occurs during preschool, between the ages of three and five years. At this point in our psychosocial development – when conflict occurs between initiative and guilt – we learn to assert ourselves and typically begin to direct play and social interactions.
- Industry Versus Inferiority. In stage four of Erikson’s psychosocial theory – ages 5 to 12 years – we are immersed in a world of education, learning to read, write, and solve math puzzles (Erikson, 1958, 1963).
Feb 23, 2023 · An ego psychologist who studied with Anna Freud, Erikson expanded psychoanalytic theory by exploring development throughout life, including events of childhood, adulthood, and old age. Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive.
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Erik Erikson was a prominent psychologist and psychoanalyst who developed a theory of psychosocial development and a biography of Gandhi. He taught at Harvard for two decades and received honorary degrees from the university.
