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  1. This article documents events, research findings, scientific and technological advances, and human actions to measure, predict, mitigate, and adapt to the effects of global warming and climate change—during the year 2021.

  2. In common usage, climate change describes global warmingthe ongoing increase in global average temperatureand its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate.

  3. The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly referred to as COP26, was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference, held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, from 31 October to 13 November 2021.

    • Past 7 years set to be the warmest on record, sea level rise at new high. Global annual mean temperature difference from preindustrial conditions (1850–1900)
    • Key messages. Greenhouse Gases. In 2020, greenhouse gas concentrations reached new highs. Levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) were 413.2 parts per million (ppm), methane (CH4) at 1889 parts per billion (ppb)) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 333.2 ppb, respectively, 149%, 262% and 123% of pre-industrial (1750) levels.
    • Temperatures. The global mean temperature for 2021 (based on data from January to September) was about 1.09°C above the 1850-1900 average. Currently, the six datasets used by WMO in the analysis place 2021 as the sixth or seventh warmest year on record globally.
    • Ocean. Around 90% of the accumulated heat in the Earth system is stored in the ocean, which is measured through Ocean Heat Content. The upper 2000m depth of the ocean continued to warm in 2019 reaching a new record high.
  4. The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science.

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  5. Climate Change Today: what changes have already occurred and how we know humans are responsible; • Our Future Climate: what changes could happen in the future depending on the actions we take; • Limiting Future Climate Change: what is required to stop global temperature from continuing to rise.

  6. Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (SRCCL); IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC).

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