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Feb 10, 2022 · Natural estrogens are produced by humans and livestock, such as estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) (Fredj et al., 2015).Municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs) are the primary sources of natural estrogen in surface water because traditional wastewater treatment processes could not completely remove them (Vilela et al., 2018).
- Yingxiao Ma, Wendi Shen, Tingting Tang, Zihao Li, Ruihua Dai
- 2022
Oct 26, 2023 · Implementing robust federal-level regulations to restrict or ban the use of harmful EDCs, requiring stricter chemical testing requirements, and enhancing public awareness about the sources and risks of EDC exposure are crucial steps to protect human health and the environment.
Unopposed estrogen or estrogen-mimicking EDCs can bind to ER, switching on the downstream signaling of estrogen-responsive genes involved in the cell cycle (64, 192, 193). Several oestrogenic EDCs, such as BPA and phthalates, have been shown to induce epigenetic modification or genotoxic effects ( 27 , 194 , 195 ), which can alter gene products and genetics, eventually predisposing to certain ...
Feb 1, 2021 · Among the four-common environmental estrogens, E2 accounted for 41% of the retrieved scientific articles followed by E1 with 33%. E3 (16%) and EE2 (10%) Fig. 2 . Most bacterial isolates used for bioremediation of estrogens over the last decade were isolated from the USA and Canada, both having 17 bacterial isolates ( Fig. 3 ).
- Phumudzo Budeli, Mutshiene Deogratias Ekwanzala, John Onolame Unuofin, Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- 2021
Sep 1, 2008 · Recognition in the late 1980s that environmental contaminants possess hormone-like activity was a major advance that has since captured the attention of scientists, industry, government regulators, policy specialists, and nongovernment organizations around the globe. Governments have responded with research programs designed to address the endocrine disruption hypothesis with the result that ...
- Warren G. Foster
- 2008
Jul 20, 2021 · Sources of estrogens present in the environment and their simplified pathways leading to the environment (based on [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]). Occurring in the environment, they can lead to many negative consequences for health or the functioning of organisms directly or indirectly related to it.
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Jun 1, 2021 · Many environmental chemicals have been found to exert estrogenic effects in cells and experimental animals by activating nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors and estrogen-related receptors. These compounds include bisphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate flame retardants, phthalates and metalloestrogens.
