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- The union of the Duchy of Brittany with the Crown of France was the culmination of a political process begun at the end of the 15th century in the wake of the Mad War. It resulted in the Edict of Union of 13 August 1532 and the incorporation of the duchy into the Crown lands of France, a critical step in the formation of modern-day France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Duchy_of_Brittany_with_the_Crown_of_France
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Was the Duchy of Brittany part of France?
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Legally, the Duchy was part of France. Francis III remained Duke of Brittany, but died without attaining the French crown in 1536. He was succeeded by his brother Henry, who was the first person to become both King of France and Duke of Brittany in his own right.
The various independent petty Breton states later developed into a Kingdom and then a Duchy of Brittany, before it was unified with France to become a province. After the French Revolution Brittany was abolished as an administrative unit, but continued to retain its distinctive cultural identity.
The Union of Brittany and France was nearly perfected through Francis III, Duke of Brittany, the eldest son of Francis I of France and Claude of France, and therefore the Dauphin of France. Francis III inherited the Duchy when he was 6 years old after the death of his mother in 1524.
Brittany became a part of France when Anne, heir to Brittany, married two successive kings of France, Charles VIII and Louis XII. In the formal treaty of incorporation into France in 1532, the province was guaranteed local privileges.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Artefacts date back to the prehistoric era. Settlements in Brittany date back to prehistory, from 700,000 years BC. It is the site of some of the world’s oldest standing structures such as the the Neolithic Barnenez, the megalithic Carnac stones, and Tumulus Saint-Michel date back to the 5th century BC.
- It was inhabited by Gallic and Celtic tribes. The first written record dealing with Brittany comes from around 500 BC. At the time, the Gauls followed pagan traditions and were closely related to the Celts of the British Isles.
- The area was conquered by Julius Caesar and the Romans. Brittany was conquered by Julius Caesar in 56 BCE, on his way to the British Isles. The region became part of the Roman Empire as “Armorica” which was a Romanized version of the Celtic word for “seaside.”
- Celtic Britons from Wales and Cornwall took refuge here. The Celtic traditions in Brittany strengthened after the fall of Rome. This is because in the 5th and 6th centuries, the Britons of what is now Wales and Cornwall in Great Britain began to emigrate to Armorica (aka Brittany).
Chronology. Some dates down to 988 may vary by a year or so. Names and Titles. For the title of duke, formally bestowed in 1297 but in use from Alan I, see W. Kienast, Der Herzogstitel in Frankreich und Deutschland (Munich, 1968), ch. iv.
In 939 AD, Alain II established the Duchy of Brittany, marking a pivotal moment in the region’s history. Over the following centuries, various Breton feudal dynasties held sway over the duchy.
