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In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal, and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes.
Jul 21, 2022 · A change in chromosome structure and content caused by translocation is a translocation mutation. Many genes may be transferred between chromosomes. Such translocation mutations can cause ...
- Abnormal pairing at Meiosis. DNA forms loops to achieve pairing when chromosomes are rearranged. Homologous regions of chromosomes pair at meiosis I (prophase I).
- Decreased Viability. All of the chromosome rearrangements shown above produce functional chromosomes. Each has one centromere, two telomeres, and thousands of origins of replication.
- Decreased Fertility. Recall that during meiosis I homologous chromosomes pair up. If a cell has a chromosome with a rearrangement this chromosome will have to pair with its normal homolog.
- Cancer. Some chromosome rearrangements have breakpoints within genes leading to the creation of hybrid genes – the first part of one gene with the last part of another.
Oct 25, 2021 · Chromosomes can be analyzed from living tissue and arranged in a karyotype (figure 13.1). Chromosomes can be sorted into the autosomal pairs (twenty-two) and sex chromosomes and classified to determine any abnormalities. A normal karyotype for a female is 46,XX, and a male is 46,XY. Deviations from this patterning can result in chromosomal ...
- Rearrangements Show Abnormal pairing at Meiosis. Homologous regions of chromosomes pair at meiosis I (prophase I). With rearranged chromosomes this can lead to visible abnormalities and segregation abnormalities.
- Decreased Viability. All of the chromosome rearrangements shown above produce functional chromosomes. Each has one centromere, two telomeres, and thousands of origins of replication.
- Decreased Fertility. Recall that during meiosis I homologous chromosomes pair up. If a cell has a chromosome with a rearrangement this chromosome will have to pair with its normal homolog.
- Cancer. Some chromosome rearrangements have breakpoints within genes leading to the creation of hybrid genes – the first part of one gene with the last part of another.
Rearrangements fall broadly into two categories: balanced and unbalanced. A person with a balanced chromosomal rearrangement has a complete set of genetic information. However, some chromosome pieces have been moved around. Most of the time, people who have a balanced chromosomal rearrangement are perfectly healthy.
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Feb 21, 2022 · The forces acting on a chromosome must depend on its velocity, and the velocity it actually moves at must be such that the total force on the chromosome is zero. One natural guess is that the relevant balance of forces is between fluid drag forces and the forces that the spindle applies to the chromosomes: F t o t a l = 0 = F d r a g + F a p p l i e d ( Figure 2 ).
