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  1. Dec 31, 2006 · errors involving the sounds or words of the language, and provide a window onto the. processes of speech production. Errors can be classified according to the units of speech. (e.g. phoneme, word ...

  2. May 18, 2023 · This problem resembles the account of mixed errors, which, like synonyms, have more sources of activation (both semantic and formal), but occur at lower rates than semantic errors (Dell et al., 1997). This approach also has relevance to the overlooked problem of semantically unrelated errors, which are the most frequent semantic category overall.

    • 10.5334/joc.278
    • 2023
    • J Cogn. 2023; 6(1): 26.
  3. Dec 1, 1981 · Finally, the phono- logical and semantic influences on word substitution errors are not independent. Rather phonological and semantic similar- ity jointly affect the chances that a given word will substitute for an intended word. Each of these findings represents an "interaction" between proposed stages of production.

    • Gary S. Dell, Peter A. Reich
    • 1981
  4. Jan 1, 2023 · Celce-Murcia (1980) ’s analysis of the Meringer and Mayer errors highlights the many circumstances in which perception errors occur, including from phonological errors in the perception of consonants or unstressed syllables, and how they are impacted by expectations about what the speaker is likely to say, and differences in dialect between speaker and listener.

  5. Phonological encoding is the process of selecting and assembling the phonological segments of an already activated syntactic word. It is often assumed that this selection process involves inserting sounds into slots in a syllable frame (e.g., Dell 1986; Shattuck-Hugnagel 1979).

  6. Frequency effects in these errors are complex and the details prove difficult for any model of speech production. We argue that word frequency mainly affects phonological errors. Both semantic and phonological substitutions are constrained by phonological and syntactic similarity between the target and intrusion.

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  8. May 18, 2023 · Form-relatedness also affects the counts by category (χ 2 (5) = 158.33, p < 0.001): non-form-related errors show much higher rates of semantic errors relative to unrelated errors, which again is expected if form-related words arise from phonological rather than semantic facilitation. Interestingly, 57 lexical substitutions (5.21%) are both semantically and form-related.

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