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  2. Mar 1, 2023 · What constitutes a recession? Two quarters of negative real GDP growth? The NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee has a more nuanced way of determining what a recession is. This essay discusses where recessions come from, how they are determined, and how they end.

    • What Is A Business Cycle?
    • Understanding The Business Cycle
    • Measuring and Dating Business Cycles
    • Stock Prices and The Business Cycle
    • The Bottom Line

    Business cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of a nation—a cycle that consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly general contractions. This sequence of changes is recurrent but not periodic. The business cycle is also called the economic cycle.

    In essence, business cycles are marked by the alternation of the phases of expansion and contraction in aggregate economic activity and the co-movement among economic variables in each phase of the cycle. Aggregate economic activity is represented by not only real (i.e., inflation-adjusted) GDP—a measure of aggregate output—but also the aggregate m...

    The severity of a recession is measured by the three D's: depth, diffusion, and duration. A recession'sdepth is determined by the magnitude of the peak-to-trough decline in the broad measures of output, employment, income, and sales. Its diffusion is measured by the extent of its spread across economic activities, industries, and geographical regio...

    The biggest stock price downturns tend to occur—but not always—around business cycle downturns (e.g., contractions and recessions). For example, the Dow Jones Industrial Averageand the S&P 500 took steep dives during the Great Recession. The Dow fell 51.1%, and the S&P 500 fell 56.8% between Oct. 9, 2007 to March 9, 2009. There are many reasons for...

    The business cycle is the time it takes the economy to go through all four phases of the cycle: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Expansions are times of increasing profits for businesses, and rising economic output, and are the phase the U.S. economy spends the most time in. Contractions are times of decreasing profits and lower output and...

    • Lakshman Achuthan
    • 2 min
  3. Dec 19, 2023 · An economic cycle, also known as a business cycle, refers to economic fluctuations between periods of expansion and contraction. Factors such as gross domestic product (GDP), interest rates,...

  4. Apr 16, 2024 · A common rule of thumb is that two consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product (GDP) growth indicate a recession. However, more complex formulas are also used to determine recessions.

  5. Sep 17, 2019 · Plainly put, the business cycle is how economists refer to the inevitable ups—expansions— and downs—contractions, or recessions—of economic activity over time. But determining exactly when a cycle ends and when a new one begins is often not clear, even to experts, until well after the fact, economists say.

  6. Jul 6, 2023 · Recession in Canada (Plain-Language Summary) Article by The Canadian Encyclopedia. Updated by Fred Glover. Published Online July 6, 2023. Last Edited July 6, 2023. A recession can mean “going down.” The word “recession” is often used when talking about the economy. An economic recession is a time when the economy is going down.

  7. Mar 9, 2023 · The key thing to remember about recessions is they are temporary – lasting 11 months on average. The natural state of the economy is to growth, recessions are just part of the cycle.

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