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Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development sought to explain the intellectual functioning of adults, particularly how one acquires the ability to think logically and use evidence to draw valid conclusions.[1]
Children develop the ability to think logically about concrete objects and events. They can classify objects and understand simple relationships, such as cause and effect (Malik & Marwaha, 2023). Piaget and the Formal Operational Stage
Feb 5, 2024 · Metacognition, which means thinking about thinking, works by giving kids perspective. It can also boost kids’ self-esteem. For example, instead of telling themselves, “Math tests make me anxious” or “I’m bad at math,” metacognition can help them ask: “What makes me anxious about math and how can I change that?”
This is known as theory-of-mind (TOM). Piaget’s third stage is the concrete operational stage, which occurs from about 7 to 11 years old. In this stage, children can think logically about real (concrete) events; they have a firm grasp on the use of numbers and start to employ memory strategies.
- Sensorimotor stage (birth to two years) The first stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is the sensorimotor stage. This stage lasts from birth until a child is about two years old.
- Preoperational stage (two to seven years) The second stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is the preoperational stage. This stage lasts from age two to seven.
- Concrete operational stage (seven to eleven years) The third stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is the concrete operational stage. This stage lasts from age seven to age eleven.
- Formal operational stage (12 years and up) The final stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is the formal operational stage. This stage starts at age twelve and lasts until adulthood.
From a development perspective, as a child grows so does their ability to think and reason. In early childhood (2–6 years of age) children no longer rely on the senses to understand their world, they gain symbolic thought, where an object or word can stand for something else.
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The child is now mature enough to use logical thought or operations (i.e. rules) but can only apply logic to physical objects (hence concrete operational). Children gain the abilities of conservation (number, area, volume, orientation) and reversibility.5
