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  1. Draw a circle in the xy-plane centered at the origin and regard it is as a level curve of the surface

    • Section 2.2: Parametrized surfaces
    • 1. Planes.
    • B(t) = T(t) × N(t) the bi-normal vector

    There is a different, fundamentally different way to describe a surface. It is called parametriza-tion of a surface. This is achieved with a vector-valued function hx(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v)i r (u,v) = . It is given by three functions x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v) of two variables. Because two parameters u and v are involved, the mapr is often called uv-map. If ...

    Parametric:r (s,t) = OP + sv + tw Implicit: ax + by + cz = d. We can change from parametric to implicit using the cross productn =v ×w . We can change from implicit to parametric by finding three points P,Q,R on the surface and forming

    If we differentiate T(t) T(t) = 1, we get T′(t) T(t) = 0 and see that N(t) is perpendicular to T(t). The three vectors (T(t),N(t),B(t)) are unit vectors orthogonal to each other. Here is an application of curvature: If a curver (t) represents a wave front andn (t) is a unit vector normal to the curve at r (t), thens (t) =r (t)+n (t)/κ(t) defines a ...

  2. Level Curves. 🔗. As we have seen, visualising the surface corresponding to the function z = f (x, y) can be quite difficult. One method that aids in this task is to draw level curves (sometimes known as contours). Level curves are the equivalent of contours on a topographical map.

  3. Jan 28, 2022 · Another good way to visualize the behaviour of a function \(f(x,y)\) is to sketch what are called its level curves. By definition, a level curve of \(f(x,y)\) is a curve whose equation is \(f(x,y)=C\text{,}\) for some constant \(C\text{.}\)

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  4. A contour line (also known as a level curve) for a given surface is the curve of intersection of the surface with a horizontal plane, z = c. A representative collection of contour lines, projected onto the xy-plane, is a contour map or contour plot of the surface.

  5. A level curve, or surface, is a set on which f is constant. If you are on a level curve, and you want to stay on that curve, which way should you travel? Using the mountain analogy, determine the direction of maximum slope and turn 90°.

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  7. Level curves. Before the advent of calculus, a curve is usually de ned through level sets: (in the plane) as level sets: f(x; y) = c; (in the space) as intersection of surfaces (intersection of level sets): f(x; y; z) = c1; g(x; y; z) = c2: Example 1. A circle in R2 is represented as. (x ¡ a)2 + (y ¡ b)2 = r2: