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      • Music may reduce pain related to surgery and procedures and amount of opioid medication when used as a complimentary approach with standard of care. Music is recommended to be flowing and nonlyrical with 60-80 beats per minute (BPM), low tones, minimal brass percussion.
      www.painmanagementnursing.org/article/S1524-9042(16)30237-5/fulltext
  1. Many authors confirm that therapeutic music listening can and should be incorporated into nursing interventions as part of non-pharmacological treatments for both pain and delirium. Contrary to appearances, the use of this method does not require specialized, expensive equipment or many nursing staff.

  2. Cognitive activities such as listening to music can affect perceived intensity and unpleasantness of pain, enabling patients’ sensation of pain to be reduced. Another potential mechanism could be reduced autonomic nervous system activity, such as reduced pulse and respiration rate and decreased blood pressure,” wrote researchers Jenny Hole ...

    • Walden University
  3. Mar 11, 2019 · Music was associated with reduced postoperative pain scores (SMD −0.77, 95% confidence interval) in 45 RCTs. An average pain score reduction of 23 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale was reported. A reduction in analgesic use (SMD −0.37) was found in 34 RCTs.

    • Michael J. Poulsen, Jeffrey Coto, Maureen F. Cooney
    • 2019
  4. Effective music interventions can be administered by research staff, nurses, or music therapists via headphones (for those who tolerate this mode of delivery) both at rest and during standard care procedures in the adult ICU based on available RCTs.

    • Melissa Richard-Lalonde, Céline Gélinas, Madalina Boitor, Emilie Gosselin, Nancy Feeley, Sylvie Coss...
    • 2020
  5. This evidence suggests that proper use of music therapy can significantly reduce surgical pain. Implementing these protocols and allowing the freedom of nursing staff to use them may lead to greater reductions in surgical pain and anxiety and a reduction in opioid use.

  6. evidence regarding the use of music in periopera-tive nursing practice and its effect on postopera-tive pain and opioid use during perioperative recovery. Recommendations for the use of music as an intervention to reduce postsurgical pain and opioid use are deduced and summarized from the review of the evidence. Literature Review

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