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  1. From the 115 papers included, we identified three main categories of reasons for waiving the informed consent requirement: (1) decrease of data validity and quality; (2) distress or confusion of participants; and (3) practical problems. Ethical issues play a role in each of the three categories, as an overarching theme.

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    • Consent Form Template
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    • Sample Consent Forms
    • Sample Assent Form

    This template is a guide to assist researchers applying to the Health Canada-PHAC REB. It should not be interpreted as a standard for other institutions. This template follows the guidance provided in TCPS 2 (Chapter 3: The Consent Process) which is the official human research ethics policy of the Canadian federal research granting agencies. Resear...

    This template is a guide to assist researchers applying to the Health Canada-PHAC REB. It should not be interpreted as a standard for other institutions. This template follows the guidance provided in TCPS 2 (Chapter 3: The Consent Process) which is the official human research ethics policy of the Canadian federal research granting agencies. Resear...

    These forms were created using the REB Secretariat's consent form template as a guide. They are meant to assist researchers applying to the Health Canada-PHAC REB and should not be interpreted as a standard for other institutions. The forms follow the guidance provided in TCPS 2 (Chapter 3: The Consent Process) which is the official human research ...

    This form was created using the REB Secretariat's assent form template as a guide. It is meant to assist researchers applying to the Health Canada-PHAC REB and should not be interpreted as a standard for other institutions. The form follows the guidance provided in TCPS 2 (Chapter 3: The Consent Process) which is the official human research ethics ...

  2. The Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association describes informed consent, in part, as follows: “Informed Consent, psychologists inform participants about (1) the purpose of the research, expected duration and procedures; (2) their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the research once participation has begun; (3 ...

    • 01 Misuse of Psychologists' Work. If psychologists learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work, they take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation.
    • 01 Boundaries of Competence. (a) Psychologists provide services, teach, and conduct research with populations and in areas only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience.
    • 01 Unfair Discrimination. In their work-related activities, psychologists do not engage in unfair discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic status, or any basis proscribed by law.
    • 01 Maintaining Confidentiality. Psychologists have a primary obligation and take reasonable precautions to protect confidential information obtained through or stored in any medium, recognizing that the extent and limits of confidentiality may be regulated by law or established by institutional rules or professional or scientific relationship.
  3. Dec 7, 2023 · Informed Consent. Before the study begins, the researcher must outline to the participants what the research is about and then ask for their consent (i.e., permission) to participate. An adult (18 years +) capable of being permitted to participate in a study can provide consent.

  4. The U.S. federal regulations known as the “Common Rule,” which govern research with human subjects, lists several conditions for waiving consent. However, neither guidance documents on the ethics of clinical research nor the literature in bioethics contains a general justification of research without consent.

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  6. Voluntary informed consent is essential to conducting ethical research with human participants. Valid consent rests on three pillars: the absence of coercion or undue influence, providing participants with information relevant to the decision at hand, and ensuring that participants have the capacity to use that information to make an authentic decision on whether to participate.

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