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- Conflict Theory. Type of Theory: Macrosociology. Conflict Theory proposes that society is marked by ongoing struggles for resources and power, resulting in social inequalities.
- Functionalism. Type of Theory: Macrosociology. Definition: Functionalism considers society as a complex system of interdependent parts, each having a function fulfilling societal stability.
- Symbolic Interactionism. Type of Theory: Microsociology. Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes how individuals use symbols to navigate social interactions and create social worlds.
- Social Exchange Theory. Type of Theory: Microsociology. Social Exchange Theory postulates that human relationships and interactions are guided by a cost-benefit analysis and the pursuit of rewards.
In textbooks and teaching on professional ethics, an overview of theories of ethics developed by moral philosophers is common. These theories cover matters such as what counts as the good life, right and wrong conduct, and good and bad qualities of character.
- Functionalist Paradigm
- Conflict Perspective
- Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
The functionalist perspective (see: functionalism in sociology) understands society as a grouping of moving, interdependent parts. Think about how the human body needs all its parts to function healthily as a whole. Likewise, societal systems comprise several institutions performing good things for the individual and society’s functioning as whole....
In essential ways, conflict theory lies on the opposite side of functionalism. Conflict theorists defy the status quoand support social change even in its rapid and violent form. They presume all societies have inherent power struggles and resource inequalities. Unequal groups have conflicting values and interests; hence, they fight each other (Wel...
The symbolic interactionist perspectiveis based on the idea that society is shaped by various symbols. People understand them as a means of communication. For instance, the word “mother” is just a series of six letters. But words are not static things; their symbols to which we attach specific meanings. So, when we see or hear the word “mother”, we...
Describe key ethical guidelines in sociology. Sociologists conduct studies to shed light on human behaviors. Knowledge is a powerful tool that can be used toward positive change. And while a sociologist’s goal is often simply to uncover knowledge rather than to spur action, many people use sociological studies to help improve people’s lives.
- Macro and Micro Approaches. Although this may be overly simplistic, sociologists’ views basically fall into two camps: macrosociology and microsociology.
- Functionalism. Functionalism, also known as the functionalist perspective, arose out of two great revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. The first was the French Revolution of 1789, whose intense violence and bloody terror shook Europe to its core.
- Conflict Theory. In many ways, conflict theory is the opposite of functionalism but ironically also grew out of the Industrial Revolution, thanks largely to Karl Marx (1818–1883) and his collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820–1895).
- Symbolic Interactionism. Whereas the functionalist and conflict perspectives are macro approaches, symbolic interactionism is a micro approach that focuses on the interaction of individuals and on how they interpret their interaction.
Mar 23, 2022 · Social theory refers to ideas, arguments, hypotheses, thought-experiments, and explanatory speculations about how and why human societies—or elements or structures of such societies—come to be formed, change, and develop over time or disappear.
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Ethical Concerns. Understand why ethical standards exist. Demonstrate awareness of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics. Define value neutrality. Sociologists conduct studies to shed light on human behaviors. Knowledge is a powerful tool that can be used toward positive change. And while a sociologist’s goal is often ...
