Search results
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In psychology, a personality trait is most often defined as: a. a behavior one typically engages in. b. an adjective used to describe oneself.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Personality, trait, personality type and more.
The situationist critique, which started this debate, suggested that people overestimate the extent to which personality traits are consistent across situations. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Continuous distributions and more.
- ISTJ – The Logistician. These individuals tend to be serious, matter-of-fact, and reserved. They appreciate order and organization and pay a great deal of attention to detail.
- ISFJ – The Defender. These individuals are friendly, responsible, and reserved. They are service and work-oriented, committing to meeting their obligations and duties.
- INFJ – The Advocate. People with this personality type are serious, logical and hardworking. They are also compassionate, conscientious, and reserved. They value close, deep connections and are sensitive to the needs of others, but also need time and space alone to recharge.
- INTJ The Architect. These people are highly independent, self-confident and prefer to work alone. They are analytical, creative, logical, and driven. They place an emphasis on logic and fact rather than emotion and can be viewed as perfectionist.
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Extraversion
- Openness to Experience
- Neuroticism
- New Research on Media and Technology
- Critical Evaluation
- History and Background
- References
- Keep Learning
Conscientiousness describes a person’s ability to regulate impulse control to engage in goal-directed behaviors (Grohol, 2019). It measures elements such as control, inhibition, and persistence of behavior.
Agreeableness refers to how people tend to treat relationships with others. Unlike extraversion which consists of the pursuit of relationships, agreeableness focuses on people’s orientation and interactions with others (Ackerman, 2017).
Extraversionreflects the tendency and intensity to which someone seeks interaction with their environment, particularly socially. It encompasses the comfort and assertiveness levels of people in social situations. Additionally, it also reflects the sources from which someone draws energy.
Openness to experience refers to one’s willingness to try new things as well as engage in imaginative and intellectual activities. It includes the ability to “think outside of the box.”
Neuroticism describes the overall emotional stability of an individual through how they perceive the world. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret events as threatening or difficult. It also includes one’s propensity to experience negative emotions.
Openness to experience predicted preferences for complex movies (e.g., documentaries) and unconventional books (e.g., philosophy).Conscientiousness was associated with a preference for informational books.Agreeableness predicted liking for conventional genres such as family movies and romance books.Neuroticism only correlated with a preference for light books, not movies.Cross-Cultural Validity
Although the Big Five has been tested in many countries and its existence is generally supported by findings (McCrae, 2002), there have been some studies that do not support its model. Most previous studies have tested the presence of the Big Five in urbanized, literate populations. More research on illiterate and non-industrialized populations is needed to clarify such discrepancies.
Gender Differences
Differences in the Big Five personality traits between genders have been observed, but these differences are small compared to differences between individuals within the same gender. Another interesting finding was that bigger gender differences were reported in Western, industrialized countries. Researchers proposed that the most plausible reason for this finding was attribution processes. They surmised that the actions of women in individualistic countries would be more likely to be attribu...
Factors that Influence the Big 5
Like with all theories of personality, the Big Five is influenced by both nature and nurture. Twin studies have found that the heritability (the amount of variance that can be attributed to genes) of the Big Five traits is 40-60%. Such twin studies demonstrate that the Big Five personality traits are significantly influenced by genes and that all five traits are equally heritable. Heritability for males and females does not seem to differ significantly (Leohlin et al., 1998). Studies from dif...
The Big Five model resulted from the contributions of many independent researchers. Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert first formed a list of 4,500 terms relating to personality traits in 1936 (Vinney, 2018). Their work provided the foundation for other psychologists to begin determining the basic dimensions of personality. In the 1940s, Raymond Catte...
Ackerman, C. (2017, June 23). Big Five Personality Traits: The OCEAN Model Explained. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory Buecker, S., Maes, M., Denissen, J. J., & Luhmann, M. (2020). Loneliness and the Big Five personality traits: A meta–analysis. European Journal of Personality, 34(1), 8-28. https://...
McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 547.Cobb-Clark, DA & Schurer, S. The stability of big-five personality traits. Economics Letters. 2012; 115(2): 11–15.Marsh, H. W., Nagengast, B., & Morin, A. J. (2013). Measurement invariance of big-five factors over the life span: ESEM tests of gender, age, plasticity, maturity, and la dolce vita effects. Develo...The Big Five traits—usually labeled openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, or OCEAN for short—are among the most commonly studied in psychology.
People also ask
What are examples of personality?
What are personality traits?
What are the different types of personality types?
What are the Big Five personality traits?
What is an example of a personality assessment?
What is the definition of personality?
May 1, 2023 · Personality describes the unique patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish a person from others. A product of both biology and environment, it remains fairly consistent throughout life. Examples of personality can be found in how we describe other people's traits.
