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    • Index of Refraction
    • Converging and Diverging Light
    • Light Through A Prism

    The way light changes directions has to do with the properties of the material it is travelling through. Every material has a unique index of refraction. This measurement is identified using the letter n. The index of refraction of a material is equal to the speed of light in a vacuum, divided by the speed of light in the material. The higher the i...

    We can make light go in different directions using lenses. A lensis an optical device made of plastic or glass. When light passes through a lens, it can be refracted in predictable directions. The directions depend on the shape of the surfaces of the lens.

    Light entering a plastic or glass prism, refracts as it enters the prism and again as it exits the prism.

  2. Light refracts whenever it travels at an angle into a substance with a different refractive index (optical density). This change of direction is caused by a change in speed. For example, when light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to continue to travel at a different angle or direction.

  3. At this angle, the light refracts out of the water into the surrounding air bending away from the normal. The angle of refraction in the air is approximately 57°. These values for the angle of incidence and refraction are consistent with Snell's Law.

  4. Refraction is the change in direction of the wave as it passes from one medium to another. Understand the law governing the refraction of light, its applications and more.

  5. The objectives of this experiment are as follows: To measure the angles of incidence and refraction at a boundary between media. To observe total internal reflection at a boundary between media. To calculate the critical angle of a boundary between media.

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  6. Refraction is responsible for dispersion in rainbows and many other situations. The angle of refraction depends on the index of refraction, as we saw in the Law of Refraction. We know that the index of refraction n depends on the medium. But for a given medium, n also depends on wavelength.

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