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Aug 22, 2022 · • Do not italicize or define Latin abbreviations. • Punctuate Latin abbreviations as if they were spelled out (shown in the table). • Use the abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) in both parenthetical and narrative in-text citations. Parenthetical text: (as examined by Pak et al., 2020) Narrative text: Pak et al. (2020 ...
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Jul 14, 2020 · APA 6 (location and old guideline) APA 7 (location and new guideline) In-text citation format for three or more authors. Table 6.1: In in-text citations of sources with three to five authors, list all authors the first time, then use et al. after that; for sources with six or more authors, use et al. for all citations.
- Paul Lai
- 2014
- Types of Citation: parenthetical, Note, Numerical
- Which Citation Style Should I use?
- Parenthetical Citation Styles
- Numerical Citation Styles
- Note Citation Styles
The clearest identifying characteristic of any citation style is how the citations in the text are presented. There are three main approaches: 1. Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant (author-date). Som...
In most cases, your university, department, or instructor will tell you which citation style you need to follow in your writing. If you’re not sure, it’s best to consult your institution’s guidelines or ask someone. If you’re submitting to a journal, they will usually require a specific style. Sometimes, the choice of citation style may be left up ...
AAA
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommends citing your sources using Chicago author-date style. AAA style doesn’t have its own separate rules. This style is used in the field of anthropology.
APA
APA Style is defined by the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. It was designed for use in psychology, but today it’s widely used across various disciplines, especially in the social sciences.
APSA
The citation style of the American Political Science Association (APSA) is used mainly in the field of political science.
ACS
The American Chemical Society (ACS) provides guidelines for a citation style using numbers in superscript or italics in the text, corresponding to entries in a numbered reference list at the end. It is used in chemistry.
AMA
The American Medical Association (AMA) provides guidelines for a numerical citation style using superscript numbers in the text, which correspond to entries in a numbered reference list. It is used in the field of medicine.
CSE citation-name or citation-sequence
CSE style includes multiple options for citing your sources, including the citation-name and citation-sequence systems. Your references are listed alphabetically in the citation-name system; in the citation-sequence system, they appear in the order in which you cited them.
Bluebook
The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citationis the main style guide for legal citations in the US. It’s widely used in law, and also when legal materials need to be cited in other disciplines.
Chicago notes and bibliography
Chicago notes and bibliography is one of the two citation styles presented in the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition). It’s used mainly in the humanities.
OSCOLA
The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is the main legal citation style in the UK (similar to Bluebook for the US).
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order. Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: Double spacing (within and between references) Hanging indent of ½ inch.
- (Smith, 2020)
- (Smith et al., 2020)
- (Scribbr, 2020)
- (Smith & Jones, 2020)
Jan 6, 2021 · Comparison Charts for APA, MLA, and CMS References. In-Text Citations. (Smith, 2020, p. 2) 1 Smith, Magnetic Fields,2. 2 Belsky and Jones, “History of Refrigeration,”100. Notes (referring to all styles unless specified): Include page numbers (unless the original lacks them, as in web content) for direct quotes; they are optional for ...
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Feb 8, 2023 · APA styling rules. 1 APA prioritizes continuity, flow, conciseness, and clarity for the sake of easy-to-understand writing. A formal and direct tone is preferred. 2 Do not use contractions or colloquialisms. 3 Feel free to refer to yourself in the first person if you’re the one who did the research.
