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Self-discrepancy is the gap between two of these self-representations that leads to negative emotions. Developed by Edward Tory Higgins in 1987, the theory provides a platform for understanding how different types of discrepancies between representations of the self are related to different kinds of emotional vulnerabilities.
- Self-Guides in Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Research on Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Impact of Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self-discrepancy theory proposes that people represent a negative life event as saying something about their current state, their actual self now. This actual self is compared with their self-guides, the kind of person they want or desire to be (e.g., going to a good college, having a good marriage). When there is a discrepancy between individuals’...
Research testing these predictions of self-discrepancy theory has been conducted with both clinical and non-clinical populations. A questionnaire has been developed that measures individuals’ actual self-discrepancies from their ideals and from their oughts (for both their own independent self-guides and their significant others’ guides for them). ...
Self-discrepancy theory has had both a practical and a theoretical impact. Practically, a new method of clinical treatment for depression and for anxiety, called self-system therapy is based on the conceptual and empirical contributions of self-discrepancy theory. This new therapy has been shown to help some patients more than does standard drug tr...
Jun 23, 2017 · Self-discrepancy theory links different kinds of emotional vulnerabilities to mismatches between the various self-state representations. The notion of self-discrepancy contributes beyond the mere negativity of the self-concept or self-esteem (Rosenberg 1965), because it helps to discriminate the particular kind of discomfort (i.e., dejection-related or agitation-related) that a person will ...
Jun 1, 2017 · Self-discrepancies have been operationalized in many ways (Barnett and Womack, 2015, Hardin and Lakin, 2009, Higgins, 1987, Veale et al., 2003, Watson et al., 2016); however, in this study, we investigated four self-discrepancies: ideal-own (i.e., the discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self from the individual's own standpoint), ideal-other (i.e., the discrepancy between the ...
- Michael D. Barnett, Jenna M. Moore, Aleesa R. Harp
- 2017
Jan 18, 2024 · Self-Discrepancy Theory, proposed by psychologist E. Tory Higgins, suggests that individuals have three specific representations of the self: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. The theory posits that emotional discomfort and negative emotions arise from the gaps or “discrepancies” between these self-representations.
Discrepancies between the actual/own self-state (i.e., the self-concept) and ideal self-states (i.e., representations of an individual's beliefs about his or her own or a significant other's hopes, wishes, or aspirations for the individual) signify the absence of positive outcomes, which is associated with dejection-related emotions (e.g., disappointment, dissatisfaction, sadness).
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Self discrepancy theory was introduced by psychologist E. Tory Higgins (1987) with the purpose of explaining the relationship between aspects of the self and affect. In this theory, Higgins posits that individuals possess different types of self-guides, or standards, against which they compare their current self.
