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1. PHYSICS is a science of measurement. The things which are measured are called physical quantities which are defined by the describing how they are to be measured. There are three fundamental quantities in mechanics: Length Mass Time All other physical quantities combinations of these three basic quantities. 2.
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Measurement and Uncertainty • Physics is a quantitative, experimental science. To do physics, one has to make measurements. • Every measurement has an uncertainty; no measuring 3 instrument is perfect. • Uncertainty may be written explicitly, e.g., height of a table = 72.3±0.1 cm
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The need for a consistent international language for evaluating and communicating measurement results prompted (in 1993) the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) to publish
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- 1.1 Dimensions of Physical Quantities
- Adding parallel vectors:
- Adding perpendicular vectors:
- Unit vector
- Additional Knowledge: Vector Multiplication
- Uncertainties
- y-intercept: c
- Additional Knowledge: Errors in Measurement
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In physics, the term dimension is used to refer to the physical nature of a quantity and the type of unit used to specify it. The seven fundamental quantities are enclosed in square brackets [ ] to represent its dimensions: length [L], time [T], mass [M], electric current [A], amount of substance [mol], temperature [K] and luminous intensity [Cd]. ...
Vectors in the same directions Vectors in the opposite directions The direction of resultant vector R is in the direction of the bigger vector
The magnitude of the resultant vector can be determined by using Pythagorean Theorem
A unit vector is a vector that has a magnitude of 1 with no units. The purpose of unit vector is only to describe the direction of vectors. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the unit vectors along the i ˆ , ˆ j and k ˆ respectively. and axes are represented by For example: Vector s in terms of unit vector Magnitude Unit vector in the direction ...
Since vector has direction as well as magnitude, they cannot be multiplied in the same way the scalars are. There are three ways to define how to multiply vectors that we find useful in physics: multiplication of a vector by a scalar multiplication of one vector by a second vector to produce a scalar – scalar product multiplication of one vector by...
No measurement is absolutely precise. There is an uncertainty associated with every measurement. Among the most important sources of uncertainty, other than blunders, are the limited accuracy of every measuring instrument and the inability to read an instrument beyond some fraction of the smallest division shown. The uncertainty of a measurement de...
max c min 2 Example: Lab manual – Guidance for students. Combination of uncertainties Addition or subtraction a b c x a b c Multiplication with constant k ka → x k a Multiplication or division ab → x a b c x a b c Index an → x a a E...
The difference between the actual value of a quantity and the value obtained in measurement is the error. There are two main types of errors: systematic errors and random errors. Systematic errors are cumulative errors that can be corrected, if the errors are known. It results from: an incorrect position of the zero point, known as zero error an in...
Determine the zero error: Determine the actual reading:
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4. Weight and mass, they are not the same quantities in physics! Measure your weight on a scale. Suppose that the scale reads 120 lb. Let’s investigate this little further. Table I says pound is a conventional unit for a base quantity, mass. So your scale measures your mass 120 lb = 54.43 kg. However, if you bring your scale to the moon
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Chapter 1 Units, Physical Quantitie. , and Vectors1 The Nature of PhysicsPhysics is an. experimental science.Physicists make observations of physical phenomena.Ph. sicists try to nd patterns and principles th. t relate to these phenomena.These patterns are called physical theories. And, over time, if. hey become well established, they are ...
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Units and Vectors: Tools for Physics 1.1 The Important Stuff 1.1.1 The SI System Physics is based on measurement. Measurements are made by comparisons to well–defined standards which define the units for our measurements. The SI system (popularly known as the metric system) is the one used in physics. Its
