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Dec 15, 2022 · In this paper, we proposed the rationale in implementation of the jotter book as one of the alternative assessments for the Chemistry course (SK0011-Practical Chemistry I and SK0021-Practical...
The jotter book concept is not a novel method in scientific research. This practice is common not only among undergraduate students but also among postgraduate students, scientists, and researchers who use it to understand theories, concepts, and
The textbook gives an overview of the main methods used in scientific research, including hypothesis testing, the measurement of functional relationships, and observational research.
Aug 21, 2017 · ... A research methodology is defined as the study of how scientific research is conducted. According to Mishra and Alok (2022), a research methodology outlines what research is about,...
- Introduction
- PARADIGMATIC METHODS
- Positivism/Post Positivism
- Interpretivism
- Critical / Transformational
- 1. Pragmatism
- Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinarity
- Devise idea
- Situate in field
- Planning Research
- Ethical Issues
- Managing Risk
- Using Technologies
- RESEARCH METHODS INSIGHTS FROM THE GLOBAL OER GRADUATE NETWORK
- Case Study: GO-GN Insights
- Literature Review, Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Literature Review: GO-GN Insights
- Ethnography: GO-GN Insights
- Interviews & Focus Groups: GO-GN Insights
- Phenomenography: GO-GN Insights
- Social Network Analysis: GO-GN Insights
- CONCLUSION AND REFLECTION PROMPTS
Methodology can be one of the most challenging aspects for doctoral researchers. When we conduct research into education and/or technology, we can be confronted with a potentially confusing array of options. This is true even for thoseusing a well-established approach, but can be especially acute if combining approaches in a mixed-methods study or ...
There are several dominant paradigms in education research and four (Positivism, Interpretivism, Critical and Pragmatic) are outlined here. Positivism and Interpretivism are distinguished by their different approaches to data collection and underlying ontological and epistemological commitments. The difference between Positivism and Interpretivism ...
Positivism has its roots in the scientific revolution of the Enlightenment. Positivism is based on the idea that we can come to know facts about the natural world through our experiences of it. The processes that support this are the logical and analytic classification and systemisation of these experiences. Through this process of empirical analys...
Often contrasted with Positivism is Interpretivism. The starting point for Interpretivism – which is sometimes called Anti-Positivism – is that knowledge in the human and social sciences cannot conform to the model of natural science because there are features of human experience that cannot objectively be “known”. This might include emotions; unde...
This paradigm is most closely associated with the intellectual history that includes Critical Theory, Marxism, Feminism, Critical Pedagogy, and Critical Realism. Within critical approaches, axiology, positionality and values are foregrounded. In contrast with the detached, “objective” observations associated with the positivist researcher, critical...
“Essentially, all models are wrong but some are useful.” (Box, 1976) Pragmatism suspends questions of the final ‘truth’ of research outcomes and focuses only on their usefulness for a particular end. Pragmatists often make use of mixed methods and typically vary their approach depending on the constraints of a particular project. This can be quite ...
Increasingly, research takes place across traditional disciplinary boundaries. This can be a collaboration between people from different subject backgrounds, or one researcher might combine approaches based on the research question(s) they are attempting to answer. This kind of research presents its own challenges, especially for the solo researche...
Use of blogs, social media etc can be useful to test out ideas and get early feedback. Also can conduct lightweight pilot studies, surveys and find possible collaborations. We developed an Open research agenda through this method.
Open access has been one of the great successes of open research, it means researchers can have access to literature you might not otherwise. Use of open data can also be useful to test viability. A search through openly available research bids can be productive.
Figure 6. The Research Design Process This diagram (taken from an archived Open University (UK) course entitled E891 Educational Inquiry) shows one way to schematise the research design process. Here, one begins with a research question and a context for the research (comprising policy and practice). This informs the potential scope and scale of th...
If you are doing research within an institution there will be regulations and guidelines to follow to ensure that your work meets required ethical standards. The standards are usually set by a local body (e.g. an ethics committee or Institutional Review Board) to meet generally accepted guidelines. Conforming to their guidelines is usually an insti...
Risk is part of all kinds of activities. Doing research carries risks characteristic of all projects which require adequate time, money and quality in the final product. Some of these overlap with ethical issues, such as ensuring that people who participate in your research aren’t exposed to unnecessary harm and ensuring that consent is informed. T...
Many modern research techniques use specific software programs to support the process of analysis. Some of these are listed in the table below along with examples of software commonly used in different parts of the research cycle. This table is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive or exemplary. There are many hundreds of software options ava...
So far we have discussed methods in research in quite general terms. In this section you can find short descriptions of specific research methods along with insider tips on their use from GO-GN researchers who have used them in their doctoral research. You can use these as a starting point for thinking about your own research approach. Research Met...
Sarah Hutton used a hermeneutic phenomenological case study to illuminate a direct connection between undergraduate student participation in courses with a participatory OER authorship or open access publishing of student artefacts model, to the development of internal goals and deepened engagement: “Participatory OER development and an open pedago...
Literature reviews can be a good way to narrow down theoretical interests; refine a research question; understand contemporary debates; and orientate a particular research project. It is very common for PhD theses to contain some element of reviewing the literature around a particular topic. It’s typical to have an entire chapter devoted to reporti...
Sarah Lambert used a systematic review of literature with both qualitative and quantitative phases to investigate the question “How can open education programs be reconceptualised as acts of social justice to improve the access, participation and success of those who are traditionally excluded from higher education knowledge and skills?” “My PhD re...
Chtena (2019) has developed a multi-sited ethnographic design including interviews, observations and a system analysis approach to track the development and implementation of open textbooks in Californian higher education. What makes multi-sited ethnography attractive is the prospect of systematically linking observations seemingly distant geograph...
Penny Bentley used semi-structured interviews with 20 Australian primary and secondary teachers of STEM subject areas interviews to explore and describe the experience of professional learning through open education (PLOE). Following the removal of transcripts used for the piloting and refinement of interview questions, data analysis and subsequent...
Penny Bentley used phenomenography to explore the experience of professional learning through open education (PLOE) from the perspective of teachers as adult learners. The study was conducted to inform the design and delivery of meaningful professional learning to other teachers seeking to learn about STEM education on the open Web. “Phenomenograph...
Aras Bozkurt used SNA to track digital footprints of online participants and map and visualize online learning community. “For data collection and analysis, social network analysis, interview, observation and document analysis was used. Research findings were interpreted with the perspectives of connectivism, rhizomatic learning and social network ...
This handbook has presented research method as a journey from “deep” philosophical considerations to specific approaches to collecting and analysing data. Obviously there is much more that could be said: many books have been written about individual methods and philosophical takes described above. But hopefully this guide provides a useful overview...
Jun 22, 2023 · This book is designed to introduce doctoral and postgraduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines.
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(i) Research is directed toward the solution of a problem. (ii) Research requires expertise. (iii) Research emphasizes the development of generalizations, principles, or theories that will be helpful in predicting future occurrences. (iv) Research is based upon observable experience or empirical evidences.
