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Jul 19, 2024 · Soften tissues around your eyes. Emollients help soften tissues that are cracked or dry (but eye drops use special ones that aren’t like what’s in hand lotion). Treat red eye and inflammation. Vasoconstrictors reduce blood flow to surface capillaries, easing eye redness and inflammation. Balance fluid levels.
Sep 18, 2023 · Preservative-free eye drops come in two forms: multi-dose bottles and individual vials.While preservative-free eye drops may be more expensive than their preserved counterparts, they generally have a shorter shelf-life of approximately three months, which may be worth the cost for those who want to avoid irritation caused by preservatives.
Jun 20, 2022 · As a medical student and intern, you memorized hundreds of medications, drug classes and mechanisms of action. But now you’ve entered a new realm of medication memorization and management: eye drops and cap colors. As a new ophthalmology resident, you’ll inevitably get a phone call in the middle of the night asking for a refill of an eye drop.
- Introduction
- Role of Lubricating Eye Drops on The Ocular Surface
- Basic Constituents of Lubricating Eye Drops
- Viscosity Agents
- Emollients
- Additive Ingredients
- Preservatives vs Preservative-Free
- Role of Ph and Temperature
- Retention Time – Ocular Surface Residence Time
- Guidelines For Usage
Artificial tear substitutes lubricate and protect the ocular surface and provide relief from ocular dryness, irritation, and burning sensation. They play a major role in providing symptomatic relief and are widely used for all types of dry eye diseases and nonspecific causes of ocular fatigue as well. Choosing the right kind of lubricating drops is...
The main purpose of lubricating eye drops is to decrease dryness and related ocular discomfort by various modes of action depending on it’s content- 1. Humectant - promotes hydration 2. Lubricant- decreases friction on the ocular surface 3. Increases tear retention by increasing tear viscosity, increasing the adherence of the tears to the ocular su...
Viscosity agentsAdditivesElectrolytesPreservativesMost lubricants contain a demulcent which is a polymer that can protect and lubricate mucous membranes. These can include- 1. Cellulose derivatives like Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) are viscoelastic polysaccharides that have a good retention time by increasing the viscosity of tears...
Emollients are usually fat or oil-based and are applied locally to protect or soften tissues. They are available ashighly viscous formulations like ointments or gel-based solutions and can be used for patients with more severe dry eye who are symptomatic. They have higher viscosity and retention time. These medications are therefore generally advis...
L-carnitineandErythritolare seen in combination as osmoprotectants which reduce the damage caused by high osmolarity on the ocular surface. They prevent the activation of stress cascade and the rel...Hydroxypropyl Guar (HP Guar)is a bean protein that stabilizes the tear film by increasing viscosity. It mimics the mucin layer strengthening the attachment of the aqueous layer to the glycocalyx-mu...Sorbitollowers the viscosity of gelling agents such as HP Guar and HPMC which are too viscous to instill directly onto the eye. After instillation, the dissipation of the sorbitol makes the eyedrop...Glycerinacts as a demulcent and a humectant thereby promotes hydration of the ocular surface. It also has additional protective effects against high osmolarity and improves epithelial cell growth.Artificial tears can contain various types of preservatives or be preservative-free. Preservatives inhibit bacterial growth and help increase the longevity and shelf life of the medication. Preservatives can be oxidizing, detergent-based, or ionic buffered. The commonly used preservatives currently in artificial tear preparations are quaternary amm...
pH changes on the ocular surface also influence rheological properties and viscosity of the eye drop.Commercially available eye drops are noted to have a wide range of pH.It is important to keep this in mind when prescribing a combination of medications ascertain molecules are more viscous at acidic or alkaline pH. Temperature also has an inverse r...
Ocular surface residence time or retention time of the eye drop on the ocular surface depends on various factors including the viscosity of the eye drops, pH of the ocular surface and the lubricant, temperature of the ocular surface, tear clearance, tear evaporation rate and patient’s blink rate.
Low viscosity eye drops can be used in mild dry eye. As the severity of the dry eye increases, tear lubricant with a higher viscosity may be more beneficial.Ointments and gel-based medications are preferred for nighttime application in view of the blurring of vision induced by these.Increasing the frequency of the tear substitutes is required in severe dry eye.Different tear substitutes may work more effectively in different eyes. Drops with varied mechanisms of action and active ingredients may be tried to decide on the best-suited drug.Feb 17, 2024 · Choosing between eye drops or gels or ointments. Gel-based drops are thicker than liquid lubricating drops. Ointments are the thickest, most concentrated lubricant type and are dispensed from tubes rather than bottles. “The thicker the lubricant is the longer it tends to last on the ocular surface,” said Dr. Starr.
Eye drops for glaucoma. Eye drops are still essential in treating most patients with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve as a result of increased pressure in the eye. Glaucoma can lead to severe vision loss and blindness. Glaucoma eye drops function to preserve your vision and reduce vision loss.
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Mar 18, 2014 · Before application to the eye, the distance between dosage device and the eyeball should range from 5 to 10 cm. The advantage of using these forms is the possibility of applying the drug on closed eyelid, and the effectiveness of application is approximately the same as in the case of eye drops containing the same ingredients .
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