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  1. • Two main functions of network layer: – Addressing – Packet switching (routing + packet forwarding) • Allow packets to traverse multiple networks • Deliver packet to specified destination host • Best effort: network delivers packets as reliably and as quickly as it can (but provides no guarantee of delivery)

  2. 5.1 introduction 5.2 routing protocols link state distance vector 5.3 intra-AS routing in the Internet: OSPF 5.4 routing among the ISPs: BGP 5.5 The SDN control plane 5.6 ICMP: The Internet Control Message Protocol 5.7 Network management and SNMP Chapter 5: outline Network Layer: Control Plane 5-2

  3. Now that we have discussed layered networks in the abstract, it is time to look at some examples. We will discuss two important network architectures: the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model.

  4. The TCP/IP 5-Layer Model. The Department of Defense (DoD) TCP/IP 5-layer model was created in 1969. Table 1.2 shows the layers of this model and the service pro-vided by each layer. With this model, aimed specifically at TCP/IP conventions, we can identify the protocols at each layer, as shown in Table 1.3.

  5. Note:The Physical Layer of the OSI model is only part of a LAN (Local Area Network). Layer 2 – The Data Link Layer Layer 2 of the OSI model provides the following functions: •Allows a device to access the network to send and receive messages • Offers a physical address so a device’s data can be sent on the network

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  6. Network Protocol: Semantics • Protocol semantics define when PDUs can be sent, and what response is needed • Define who can send PDUs, and when they can be sent • Define roles for the hosts (e.g., client and server, peer-to-peer) • Define what are the entities that communicate and how they are named • Define how errors are handled

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  8. Key design decision: what functionality to put in each layer? We’re going to cover signaling, coding and clock recovery...