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The introductory paragraph in an explanatory writing clearly states what is about to be explained, described, or analyzed. The paragraphs of the body are arranged in the correct logical order (the necessary steps to describe or complete the task). The concluding paragraph summarizes the task or description discussed in the body of the writing.
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In this crazy, mixed-up world of ours, transitions glue our ideas and our essays together. This handout will introduce you to some useful transitional expressions and help you employ them effectively. The function and importance of transitions.
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- WHAT ARE THE FIGURES OF SPEECH?
- TYPES OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
- 1. SIMILE
- 2. METAPHOR
- 3. PERSONIFICATION
- 4. METONYMY
- 5. APOSTROPHE
- 6. HYPERBOLE
- 7. SYNECDOCHE
- 8. TRANSFERRED EPITHETS
- 9. EUPHEMISM
- 10. IRONY OR SARCASM
- 11. PUN
- 12. EPIGRAM
- 13. ANTITHESIS
- 14. OXYMORON
- 15. LITOTES
- 16. INTERROGATION
- 17. EXCLAMATION
- 18. CLIMAX
- 19. ANTICLIMAX OR BATHOS
- 20. ALLITERATION
- 21. ONOMATOPOEIA
- 22. CIRCUMLOCUTION
- 23. TAUTOLOGY OR PLEONASM
A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words in order to increase their effectiveness. Basically, it is a figurative language that may consist of a single word or phrase. It may be a simile, a metaphor or personification to convey the meaning other than the literal meaning.
The figures of speech list is over a hundred but some commonly used types are given along with examples.
In simile two unlike things are explicitly compared. For example, “She is like a fairy”. A simile is introduced by words such as like, so, as etc.
It is an informal or implied simile in which words like, as, so are omitted. For example, “He is like a lion (Simile) “and “He is a lion (metaphor)”. In the following examples, metaphors are underlined. She is a star of our family. The childhood of the world; the anger of the tempest; the deceitfulness of the riches: wine is a mocker. She is now in...
Personification is an attribution of personal nature, intelligence or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions. For example, in some phrases we use, the furious storm, the thirsty ground, and the pitiless cold. Some other examples are:
Metonymy is meant for a change of name. It is a substitute of the thing names for the thing meant. Following examples will clarify the concept. The pen is mightier than the sword. From the cradle to the grave. = from childhood to death. I have never read Milton. = the works of Milton.
It is a direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if it were living person or some absent person as if it were present. Example, "Boy's mother loved him very much."
Hyperbole is a statement made emphatic by overstatement. For example, “Virtues as the sands of the shore.”
Synecdoche is the understanding of one thing by means of another. Here, a part is used to designate the whole or the whole to designate a part. For example, “I have the Viceroy, love the man.”, and “All hands (crew) at work.”
In transferred epithets, the qualifying objective is transferred from a person to a thing as in phrases. For example, “sleepless night”, “sunburn mirth”, and “melodious plain”.
By using the euphemism, we speak in agreeable and favorable terms of some person, object or event which is ordinarily considered unpleasant and disagreeable. For example, He is telling us a fairy tale. (a lie) He has fallen asleep. (he is dead)
In this mode of speech, the real meanings of the words used are different from the intended meanings. For example, the child of cobbler has no shoe.
This consists of a play on the various meanings of a word. Its effect is often ludicrous. For example, Is life worth living? It depends upon the liver. Obviously, the constitution is against prostitution and congress is against progress. (con means against and pro means for)
It is a brief pointed saying. It couples words which apparently contradict each other. The language of the epigram is remarkable for its brevity. Examples are as under: The child is the father of the man. (Wordsworth) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. The art lies in concealing art. Silence is sometimes more eloquent than words. Conspicuous...
In antithesis, a striking opposition or contrast of words is made in the same sentence in order to secure emphasis. For example, To err is human, to forgive divine. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
It is a figure of speech which combines two seemingly contradictory or incongruous words for sharp emphasis or effect. For example, “darkness visible” (Milton); “make haste slowly” (Suetonius) “loving hate” (Romeo and Juliet)
It is the opposite of hyperbole. Here an affirmative is conveyed by negation of the opposite. For example, He is no dullard. I am not a little He is not a bad sort.
This is a rhetorical mode of affirming or denying something more strongly than could be done in ordinary language. Examples, Who is here so base that would be a bondman? Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? Who is here so vile that will not love his country? (Shakespeare)
It is used for strong expression of feelings. For examples, O lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud I fall upon the thorns of life; I bleed!
It is an arrangement of a series of ideas in the order of increasing importance. For example, “What a piece of work man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties! In action, how like an angel!”
This is the opposite to climax and signifies a ludicrous descent from the higher to the lower. • A man so various, that he seemed to be. Not one, but all mankind’s epitome; who in the course of one revolving moon; was lawyer, statesman, fiddler, and buffoon.
The repetition of the same letter or syllable at the beginning of two or more words is called alliteration. For example, By apt Alliteration’s artful a Glittering through the gloomy g The furrow follows f
The formation of a word whose sound is made to suggest or echo the sense as in cuckoo, bang, growl, hiss. The moan of doves in immemorial elms and murmur of innumerable bees. Rend with the tremendous sound your ears asunder with guns, drum, trumpet, blunderbuss, and thunder.
This consists of expressing some fact or idea in a roundabout way, instead of stating it at once. For example, The viewless couriers of the air. =(the wind) That statement of his was purely an effort of imagination. = (a fiction)
Tautology is meant for repeating the same fact or idea in different words. For example, “It is the privilege and birthright of every man to express his ideas without any fear.”
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Within an essay, body paragraphs allow a writer to expand on ideas and provide audiences with support for a chosen topic or argument. Under most circumstances, body paragraphs can be divided into three basic parts: a topic sentence, an illustration, and an explanation.
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Nov 18, 2022 · Learn the definition of figure of speech and twenty different types to use in your writing, with examples from literature.
Aug 16, 2024 · What is Mixed Metaphor? A mixed metaphor is the combination of two or more unrelated and sometimes incongruous metaphors, resulting in a statement that is not logically consistent or, at times, unintentionally humorous.
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The structure of a speech is often in three parts. For example: 1. an opening that grabs your audience’s attention and makes the overall topic of your speech clear – for example, pose a question to the audience where you can predict the answer. 2. a well-structured, supported and developed argument – for example, to support your
