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The Baeyer-Villager Oxidation/Rearrangement O O O O RH O O R1 R2 O R1 R2 O OO O R Criegee intermediate O R1O R2+ O OR Alkyl group that migrates does so with retention of configuration More electron-rich (most substituted) alkyl group migrates in preference Mechanism: RO3H For a review, see: M. Renz, B. Meunier, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 737.
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Introduction. Supply and demand are mechanisms by which our market economy functions. Changes in supply and demand affect prices and quantities produced, which in turn affect profit, employment, wages, and government revenue. Chapter 3 introduces models explaining the behavior of consumers and producers in markets, as well as the effects of ...
1 RearrangementReactions. 1. Rearrangement ReactionsA rearrangement reaction is a board class of organic reactions in which an atom, ion, group of atoms, or chemical unit migrates from one atom to another atom in the same or different species, resulting in a structural isomer o.
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- 1 Development and Motivation
- 2 Definition and Key Assumptions
- 3 Reaction Types: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly
- 4 Catalysis, Industry and Innovation
- 5 100 % Atom Economy: Above and Beyond
The concept of atom economy (AE) was introduced in 1991 by Barry M. Trost at Stanford University . In the past, the material efficiency of a chemical reaction was routinely quantified by measurement of the product yield, with an ideal value of 100 %. Atom economy has since sparked a “green” paradigm shift, as chemists began viewing reactions in ter...
The ideal atom economy for a chemical transformation is taken as the process where all reactant atoms are found in the desired product . In other words, atom economy is a calculation which measures “how much of the reactants remain in the final product” . The percent atom economy of a generic stoichiometric chemical reaction to synthesize compound ...
Atom economy calculations generally show that addition and rearrangement reactions are preferred over substitutions and eliminations. The mercury (II)-catalyzed hydration of alkynes and the benzilic acid rearrangement are examples of 100 % atom-efficient reactions (Scheme 2.2) . Although rearrangements often proceed with perfect atom economy, certa...
Reaction catalysis is generally understood in terms of kinetics, with an emphasis on the enhanced rate of a chemical process in the presence of a regenerated catalyst. Because they are not consumed, catalysts are omitted from the formal calculation of atom economy. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway involving lower energy t...
Since atom economy reflects the intrinsic efficiency of a balanced chemical reaction, it is often conceptually isolated from the wider goals of synthesis and green chemistry. It should be stressed that an ideal atom economy should not deter one from considering other important reaction components, including yield, solvent use, catalyst recovery, en...
- Andrew P. Dicks, Andrei Hent
- 2015
The Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement may simply be defined as the rearrangement reaction of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts where the reagent used is sodium amide (or alkali amide) and the reaction results in the N,N-dialkylbenzylamine with a new alkyl substituent in the aromatic o-position. Now because the final product is a benzylic ...
a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl. Discovered in 1912, the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Many reviews have been written. Mechanism The Claisen rearrangement is an exothermic, concerted (bond cleavage and recombination) pericyclic reaction.
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