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The Baeyer-Villager Oxidation/Rearrangement O O O O RH O O R1 R2 O R1 R2 O OO O R Criegee intermediate O R1O R2+ O OR Alkyl group that migrates does so with retention of configuration More electron-rich (most substituted) alkyl group migrates in preference Mechanism: RO3H For a review, see: M. Renz, B. Meunier, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 737.
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- Exploring The Policy Question
- 1 Changes in Supply and Demand
- 2 Welfare Analysis
- 3 Price Ceilings and Floors
- 4 Taxes and Subsidies
Do you think all subsidies work as well as the SITC to increase demand? What variables do you think influence their effectiveness?What other kinds of market subsidies are you familiar with, and how would you evaluate their success?Learning Objective 11.1: Describe the causes of shifts in supply and demand and the resulting effects on equilibrium price and quantity. The competitive market supply-and-demand model is one of the most powerful tools in economics. With it we can predict the impact of economic changes on consumers’ consumption decisions, producers’ supply decisions...
Learning Objective 11.2: Apply a comparative static analysis to evaluate economic welfare, including the effect of government revenues. We can apply the principles of comparative static analysis to measuring economic welfare. In chapter 10, we looked at welfare in terms of consumer surplus, producer surplus, and their combination, total surplus. Fo...
Learning Objective 11.3: Show the market and welfare effects of price ceilings and floors in a comparative statics analysis. Price ceilings and price floors are artificial constraints that hold prices below and above, respectively, their free-market levels. Price ceilings and floors are created by extra-market forces, usually the government. A clas...
Learning Objective 11.4: Show the market and welfare effects of taxes and subsidies in a comparative statics analysis. Governments levy taxes to raise revenues in many areas. Governments at all levels—national, state, county, municipality—tax things such as income, hotel rooms, purchases of consumer goods, and so on. They tax both producers of good...
- Patrick M. Emerson
- 2019
Introduction. Supply and demand are mechanisms by which our market economy functions. Changes in supply and demand affect prices and quantities produced, which in turn affect profit, employment, wages, and government revenue. Chapter 3 introduces models explaining the behavior of consumers and producers in markets, as well as the effects of ...
The Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement may simply be defined as the rearrangement reaction of certain benzyl quaternary ammonium salts where the reagent used is sodium amide (or alkali amide) and the reaction results in the N,N-dialkylbenzylamine with a new alkyl substituent in the aromatic o-position. Now because the final product is a benzylic ...
a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl. Discovered in 1912, the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Many reviews have been written. Mechanism The Claisen rearrangement is an exothermic, concerted (bond cleavage and recombination) pericyclic reaction.
explicitly using this example and focussing on the efficient allocation rule. Now let us consider mechanisms for allocating the object. Suppose for the moment that we were in a private value environment, i.e., γ =0. Then a well-known mechanism to achieve the efficient allocation is the second price sealed bid auction.
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