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Learning Objective 11.4: Show the market and welfare effects of taxes and subsidies in a comparative statics analysis. Governments levy taxes to raise revenues in many areas. Governments at all levels—national, state, county, municipality—tax things such as income, hotel rooms, purchases of consumer goods, and so on.
- Patrick M. Emerson
- 2019
The term “rearrangement” is used to describe two different types of organic chemical reactions. A rearrangement may involve the one -step migration of an H atom or of a larger molecular fragment within a relatively short lived intermediate. On the other hand, a rearrangement may be a multi-step reaction that includes the migration of an H ...
- Usually, straight-chain alkanes are converted by heating in the presence of a catalyst to branched isomers. Examples include n-butane isomerization...
- The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is a rearrangement to replace amides with an oxime func...
- A rearrangement reaction is a large class of organic reactions, in which a molecule’s carbon skeleton is rearranged to give the original molecule a...
- A coordinated reaction is a chemical reaction in which all breaking of bonds and making of bonds occurs in one single step. There are no reactive i...
- Regioselectivity is the advantage of having or breaking a chemical bond in one direction over all other possible directions. Regioselectivity can a...
Allocative Efficiency: A neoclassical concept referring to the allocation of productive resources (capital, labour, etc.) in a manner which best maximizes the well-being (or “utility”) of individuals. Automatic Stabilizers: Government fiscal policies which have the effect of automatically moderating the cyclical ups and downs of capitalism.
- 117KB
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The Baeyer-Villager Oxidation/Rearrangement O O O O RH O O R1 R2 O R1 R2 O OO O R Criegee intermediate O R1O R2+ O OR Alkyl group that migrates does so with retention of configuration More electron-rich (most substituted) alkyl group migrates in preference Mechanism: RO3H For a review, see: M. Renz, B. Meunier, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 737.
- 961KB
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a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl. Discovered in 1912, the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Many reviews have been written. Mechanism The Claisen rearrangement is an exothermic, concerted (bond cleavage and recombination) pericyclic reaction.
A (decentralized) mechanism is a formal entity intended to represent a system for organizing and coordinating economic activity. The need for such mechanisms can arise at different levels of economic entities, ranging from households, or firms, to government agencies, to entire economies. We discuss examples at several levels.
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May 14, 2024 · Rearrangement reactions are a type of chemical reaction in which a compound is rearranged by moving its atom within the molecule. It is a product creation through rearranging atoms in a different order. The reaction of these components has great importance in organic chemistry and is also critically required in the synthesis of different ...
