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Jul 29, 2019 · Slurs – curved line over/under two or more *different* notes. Tie – curved line connecting the *same* note (s) immediately next to one another. Phrase – a musical idea, often indicated with a slur line over/under many notes or more often, many measures.
- Staccato
- Staccatissimo
- Slur
- Tenuto
- Portato
- Accent
- Marcato
- Fermata
The literal translation of the Italian word staccato is “detached,” and in music, it indicates to shorten the duration of a note. Staccato markings first appeared in music during the late 17th century and are most commonly indicated with a dot placed above or below a note. However, prior to the mid-19th century, dots, wedges, and dashes were all us...
It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the solid wedge shape (formerly a staccato) took on the new permanent meaning of a shorter staccato called Staccatissimo. This articulation is played very short with a pointed sound. On the piano, you would often play this with a very sharp attack using the tips of the fingers.
A slur is a curved line that tells the performer to play the notes above or below it smoothly without separation. In piano music, slurs are also often used to indicate phrases and where to appropriately lift the hand to create breaths in the music. One kind of slur, called the two-note slur, occurs frequently in all kinds of music, and we usually t...
Tenuto is notated with a horizontal line above a note. The most basic definition of tenuto is to hold a note for its full value. However, there are several additional ways to interpret this symbol. It sometimes means to slightly accent or emphasize a note, or it can even mean to play the note slightly longer or with rubato. Contemporary composers w...
This articulation looks like a dot with a horizontal line above it and means to play somewhere between legato and staccato or “semi-legato.” Some people refer to this technique as portamento, but the word portamento is more commonly associated with a sliding technique used by vocalists and string players. Somewhere along the way, the term portament...
Accents, notated with a sideways wedge shape simply mean to make a note louder than the surrounding notes. However, the loudness of an accent will vary based on the stylistic period, dynamic level, and how it fits with the phrase and character of a composition. A classical accent of Mozart or Haydn could generally be played more lightly than that o...
Marcato has a similar definition to accent but is generally regarded as louder or more forceful than a standard accent. In addition to a more forceful attack, the sign can also mean to play the note shorter. It is notated with a “rooftop” accent and comes from an Italian word that means “hammered.”
Fermata comes from the Italian word fermere, meaning to stay or stop, and means to hold a note or rest for longer than the normal duration. The amount of time a fermata is given is up to the performer or conductor, but it is common to make the duration at least one and half times as long as the written note value. Here is a quick reference chart to...
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