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In this lecture we introduce another commonly used data structure called a stack. We practice again writing an interface, and then implementing the interface using linked lists as for queues. We also discuss how to check whether a linked list is circular or not. Stacks are similar to queues in that we can insert and remove items.
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- Interfaces
- Interface syntax
- perimeter();
- Implementing an interface
- Java ADT interfaces
- Stacks
- Int Stack ADT interface
- ExceptionType("message");
- Commenting exceptions
- • Let's implement the following methods in our stack class:
- Implementing a generic class
- Stack ADT interface
interface: A list of methods that a class can promise to implement. Inheritance gives you an is-a relationship and code sharing. • A Lawyer can be treated as an Employee and inherits its code. Interfaces give you an is-a relationship without code sharing. • A Rectangle object can be treated as a Shape but inherits no code. Analogous to non-progra...
public interface name { type name(type name, ..., type name); type name(type name, ..., type name); ... } Example: // Features common to all shapes. public interface
} • Saved as Shape.java abstract method: A header without an implementation. The actual bodies are not specified, because we want to allow each class to implement the behavior in its own way.
public class name implements interface { ... } • A class can declare that it "implements" an interface. Then the class must contain each method in that interface. public class Rectangle
Java describes its collection ADTs as interfaces: public interface Collection public interface List public interface Map public class ArrayList implements List public class LinkedList implements List public class HashMap implements Map This means you can write one piece of code that can work with any List, or any...
stack: A collection based on the principle of adding elements and retrieving them in the opposite order. Last-In, First-Out ("LIFO") Elements are stored in order of insertion. • We do not think of them as having indexes. Client can only add/remove/examine the last element added (the "top").
• Let's write our own implementation of a stack. To simplify the problem, we only store ints in our stack for now. As is (usually) done in the Java Collection Framework, we will define stacks as an ADT by creating a stack interface. public interface
Generates an exception that will crash the program, unless the client has code to handle ("catch") the exception. Common exception types: ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, ClassCastException, EmptyStackException, FileNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException, IOException, NoSuchElementException, NullPoint...
• If your method potentially throws any exceptions, you should comment them in its header; explain what exception and why. /** Removes and returns the top element of the stack. Throws an EmptyStackException if stack is empty. */ public int pop() {
peek() Returns the element on top of the stack, without removing it. size() Returns the number of elements in the stack. isEmpty() Returns true if the stack contains no elements; else false. (Why write this if we already have the size method?) clear() Removes all elements from the stack. toString() Returns a string representation of the stack's ele...
// a parameterized (generic) class public class name { ... } By putting a TypeParam in <>, you are demanding that any client that constructs your object must supply a type parameter. You can require multiple type parameters separated by commas. Don't write a specific type like String; write a type variable like T or E. The client gives ...
• Let's modify our stack interface to be generic. Anywhere that we expected an int element value, change it to E. Not all occurrences of int change to E; only ones about elements. We will also need to modify our ArrayIntStack class... public interface Stack { void clear(); boolean isEmpty(); E peek();
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Nov 18, 2024 · A stack is a data structure that follows the last-in, first-out(LIFO) principle. We can add or remove element only from one end called top. Scala has both mutable and immutable versions of a stack. Syntax : import scala.collection.mutable.Stack var s = Stack[type]() // OR var s = Stack(val1, val2, v
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Part I The Java Language 1 The History and Evolution of Java 2 An Overview of Java 3 Data Types, Variables, and Arrays 4 Operators 5 Control Statements 6 Introducing Classes 7 A Closer Look...
Apr 26, 2024 · Step by Step Implementation of Stack Data Structure. Define the class for the Stack; We can declare the necessary instance variables such as the size of stack, an array can store the elements and the variable to track the top of element of the stack. Implement the constructor to initialize the stack with the given size.
Nov 26, 2024 · Java Collection framework provides a Stack class that models and implements a Stack data structure. The class is based on the basic principle of LIFO(last-in-first-out). In addition to the basic push and pop operations, the class provides three more functions of empty, search, and peek.
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int LinkedStack::size() const {return n;} // number of items in the stack bool LinkedStack::empty() const {return n == 0;} // is the stack empty? const Elem& LinkedStack::top() const throw(StackEmpty) {if (empty()) throw StackEmpty("Top of empty stack"); return S.front();} 17
