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Self-rule refers to regional autonomy in decision-making, financing and/or implementation. Shared rule in contrast, can be understood in three different ways: 1) Regional participation in national decision-making (e.g. Hooghe et al. 2016); 2) Horizontal cooperation between constituent units that excluded the federal government; and 3) The ...
A failed state can emerge either when a state has collapsed so thoroughly that it lacks any governmental power altogether or when a shadow government has emerged—that is, an organization not authorized or desired by the government asserting rule over an area that effectively displaces and serves the same function as the official government. In this situation, internal violent regime change ...
Normative political science seeks to understand the meaning, purposes, and goals of politics. It seeks to define how individuals should behave or how institutions should be constituted. Those who study these issues are referred to as political philosophers and share common interests with the broader discipline of philosophy.
rule, in political science, a principle to which action should conform or a widely accepted standard of behaviour. Definition and scope The American political scientist Elinor Ostrom , a cowinner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Science, defined rules as prescriptions that define which actions are required, prohibited, or permitted and that specify sanctions for noncompliance.
- Vivien Lowndes
Oct 31, 2024 · Quick Reference. The principal rules of statutory interpretation are as follows: (1) An Act must be construed as a whole, so that internal inconsistencies are avoided. (2) Words that are reasonably capable of only one meaning must be given that meaning whatever the result. This is called the literal rule. (3) Ordinary words must be given their ...
3 days ago · rule of law, the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power. Arbitrariness is typical of various forms of despotism, absolutism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism.
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Politics involves all the actions of government and all the people who work for, serve, or challenge it. This book takes the broadest view, adopting the guidance of political scientist Harold Lasswell , who defined politics as “who gets what, when, how.” 6 Politics exists wherever people interact with one another to make decisions that affect them collectively.
