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1. • Between 1962 and late 1973

     • Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory designed and built 10 space- craft named Mariner to explore the inner solar system -- visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations.
     mars.nasa.gov/internal_resources/809/

     NASA Facts - NASA Mars Exploration

2. science.nasa.gov › mission › mariner-programMariner Program - NASA Science

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   The 10 Mariners visited Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and later returned to Venus and Mars for a closer look. The final mission in the series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus before going on to Mercury for a total of three flybys.

   • Venus: Exploration - Science@NASA

     Dozens of spacecraft have launched to explore Venus, but not...

   • NASA Facts - NASA Mars Exploration

     Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory...

3. science.nasa.gov › venus › explorationVenus: Exploration - Science@NASA

   science.nasa.gov › venus › exploration

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   Nov 9, 2017 · Dozens of spacecraft have launched to explore Venus, but not all have been successful. NASA's Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to visit any planet beyond Earth when it flew past Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. NASA is planning two new missions to Venus: VERITAS, and DAVINCI.

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5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Mariner_programMariner program - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Mariner_program

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   Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations.

6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_missions_to_VenusList of missions to Venus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_missions_to_Venus

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   There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface.

   Spacecraft	Launch Date [7]	Operator	Mission
   Solar Orbiter	10 February 2020	ESA	Gravity assist
   BepiColombo	20 October 2018	ESA	Gravity assist
   Parker Solar Probe	12 August 2018	NASA United States	Gravity assist
   Shin'en	20 May 2010	UNISEC Japan	Flyby

   See full list on en.wikipedia.org

7. mars.nasa.gov › internal_resources › 809NASA Facts - NASA Mars Exploration

   mars.nasa.gov › internal_resources › 809

   Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory designed and built 10 space- craft named Mariner to explore the inner solar system -- visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations.

8. www.nasa.gov › history › 45-years-ago-mariner-10-off45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

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   Nov 5, 2018 · Shortly after midnight on November 3, 1973, the 500-kg Mariner 10 lifted off aboard its Atlas-Centaur rocket from Launch Pad 36B at Cape Canaveral, Florida. After a short time in a parking orbit around the Earth, the Centaur stage reignited, sending Mariner 10 toward Venus.

9. People also ask

   How many spacecraft have visited Venus?

   • Dozens of spacecraft have launched to explore Venus, but not all have been successful. NASA's Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to visit any planet beyond Earth when it flew past Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. NASA is planning two new missions to Venus: VERITAS, and DAVINCI. Why Return to Venus?

   Venus: Exploration - Science@NASA

   science.nasa.gov/venus/exploration/

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   What was the first spacecraft to visit Venus?

   • NASA's Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to visit any planet beyond Earth when it flew past Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. NASA is planning two new missions to Venus: VERITAS, and DAVINCI. Why Return to Venus? How did Venus become a sulfurous inferno, while Earth evolved to become the only known world with life?

   Venus: Exploration - Science@NASA

   science.nasa.gov/venus/exploration/

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   Can a spacecraft visit both Venus and Mercury?

   • A unique opportunity presented itself in 1973 to send a spacecraft to visit both Venus and Mercury in a single mission. Using gravity assist, a technique theorized for decades but never used before, under favorable conditions a spacecraft sent to one planet can use that planet’s gravitational force to essentially slingshot on to its next target.

   45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

   www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-mariner-10-off-to-venus-and-mercury/

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   What was the first spacecraft to visit two planets?

   • Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to use the gravity of one planet (Venus) to slingshot to a second planet (Mercury). It also was the first spacecraft to visit two planets. The NASA probe zoomed by Venus once on Feb. 5, 1974 and sent back the first close-up images of the planet from orbit.

   Here's every successful Venus mission humanity has ever launched

   www.space.com/venus-mission-success-history

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   When did NASA send a spacecraft to Mercury?

   • In 1969, NASA approved a plan to send a spacecraft to Mercury, using Venus for a gravity assist. The mission, first known as Mariner Venus Mercury, was later renamed Mariner 10 and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

   45 Years Ago, Mariner 10 Off to Venus and Mercury - NASA

   www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-mariner-10-off-to-venus-and-mercury/

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   How many missions have been launched to explore Venus?

   • More than 40 missions have been launched to explore Venus. Akatsuki is Japan's first mission to explore Venus. It launched in May 2010. Mariner 2 became the first successful mission to another planet when it flew by Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. Pioneer Venus 1 launched on May 20, 1978, and was the first American spacecraft to orbit Venus.

   Venus: Exploration - Science@NASA

   science.nasa.gov/venus/exploration/

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10. www.space.com › venus-mission-success-historyHere's every successful Venus mission humanity has ever ...

    www.space.com › venus-mission-success-history

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    Sep 18, 2020 · Mariner 5 was a NASA spacecraft that made its closest approach to Venus on Oct. 19, 1967. The spacecraft measured magnetic fields on Venus and in interplanetary space, and it examined charged...